10 Fascinating Things About Black Widow Spiders

10 Fascinating Things About Black Widow Spiders Dark widow arachnids are dreaded for their powerful venom, and as it should be, somewhat. Be that as it may, a lot of what you believe is valid about the dark widow is likely more legend than actuality. Fascinating Things About Black Widow Spiders These 10 entrancing realities about dark widow creepy crawlies will show you how to distinguish them, how they carry on, and how to limit your danger of being chomped. Widow insects arent consistently dark At the point when the vast majority talk about the dark widow insect, they likely think theyre alluding to a specific arachnid animal categories. Be that as it may, in the U.S. alone, there are three various types of dark widows (northern, southern, and western). Furthermore, in spite of the fact that we will in general allude to all individuals from the class Lactrodectus as dark widows, widow creepy crawlies arent consistently dark. There are 31 types of Lactrodectus insects around the world. In the U.S., these incorporate an earthy colored widow and a red widow. Just grown-up female dark widows cause hazardous nibbles Female widow insects are bigger than guys. It is accepted, along these lines, that female dark widows can enter vertebrate skin more successfully than guys and infuse more venom when they nibble. About all therapeutically critical dark widow chomps are dispensed by female creepy crawlies. Male widow insects and spiderlings are seldom a reason for concern, and a few specialists even say they dont chomp. Dark widow females once in a while eat their mates Lactrodectus creepy crawlies are broadly thought to rehearse sexual human flesh consumption, where the littler male is relinquished in the wake of mating. Indeed, this conviction is so across the board the term dark widow has gotten equivalent for femme fatale, a sort of temptress who baits men with the expectation of carrying damage to them. Yet, examines show that such conduct is entirely uncommon in widow creepy crawlies in the wild, and even phenomenal among hostage arachnids. Sexual human flesh consumption is really rehearsed by a significant number bugs and bugs and isn't one of a kind to the frequently censured dark widow. Most (yet not all) widow bugs can be recognized by a red hourglass checking About all dark widow females bear a particular hourglass-formed stamping on the underside of the midsection. In many species, the hourglass is splendid red or orange, in sharp complexity to its glossy dark mid-region. The hourglass might be fragmented, with a break in the center, in specific species like the northern dark widow (Lactrodectus variolus). Be that as it may, the red widow, Lactrodectus bishopi, doesn't have an hourglass checking, so be careful that not all widow creepy crawlies are recognized by this component. Dark widow spiderlings look not at all like the dark and red insects we perceive as dark widows Widow bug sprites are generally white when they bring forth from the egg sac. As they experience progressive sheds, the spiderlings step by step obscure in shading, from tan to dark, typically with white or beige markings. Female spiderlings take more time to arrive at development than their siblings yet in the end turn dull dark and red. So dull, pale little creepy crawly you discovered might conceivably be a widow arachnid, but a youthful one. Dark widows make spider webs Dark widow arachnids have a place with the creepy crawly family Theridiidae, regularly called the web insects. These creepy crawlies, dark widows notwithstanding, build clingy, sporadic silk networks to entrap their prey. Individuals from this arachnid family are additionally alluded to as brush foot creepy crawlies on the grounds that they have a line of fibers on their back legs to assist them with folding silk over their prey. However, no compelling reason to stress. In spite of the fact that they are firmly identified with the house insects building spider webs toward the edges of your home, dark widows once in a while come inside. Female dark widows have helpless visual perception Dark widows depend on their silk networks to see whats going on around them since they cannot see quite well. The dark widow female as a rule covers up in an opening or fissure and fabricates her web as an augmentation of her concealing spot. From the wellbeing of her retreat, she can feel the vibrations of her web when either prey or predator interacts with the silk strings. Male widow bugs searching for mates utilize this for their potential benefit. The male dark widow will cut and rework the females web, making it hard for her to detect whats occurring, before cautiously moving toward her to mate. Dark widow venom is multiple times as poisonous as that of the grassland diamondback Widow arachnids do sneak up all of a sudden of neurotoxins in their venom. By volume, Lactrodectus venom is an amazingly harmful blend of toxins equipped for causing muscle cramps, extreme agony, hypertension, shortcoming and perspiring in nibble casualties. However, dark widow creepy crawlies are fundamentally littler than diamondbacks, and theyre worked for curbing other little spineless creatures, not enormous warm blooded creatures like individuals. At the point when a dark widow insect nibbles an individual, the volume of neurotoxins infused in the casualty is small.â Dark widow bug chomps are once in a while deadly Albeit dark widow chomps can be excruciating and require clinical treatment, they are once in a while fatal.â indeed, most of dark widow nibbles cause just gentle side effects, and many nibble casualties dont even acknowledge they were nibbled. In an audit of more than 23,000 reported Lactrodectus envenomation cases that happened in the U.S. from 2000 to 2008, the examination creators noticed that not a solitary passing happened because of a dark widow chomp. Just 1.4% of nibble casualties endured significant impacts of dark widow venom. Prior to the creation of indoor pipes, most dark widow nibbles happened in toilets Dark widows dont regularly attack homes, yet they do get a kick out of the chance to occupy human-assembled structures like sheds, outbuildings, and latrines. Furthermore, lamentably for the individuals who lived before the water wardrobe was ordinary, dark widows like to withdraw under the seats of open air privies, maybe on the grounds that the smell pulls in such a significant number of flavorful flies for them to get. Men who use pit latrines ought to know about this upsetting little tidbit †most dark widow nibbles are perpetrated on penises, on account of their inclination to dangle threateningly into the dark widows an area underneath the seat. A 1944 contextual investigation distributed in the Annals of Surgery noticed that, of 24 dark widow chomp cases looked into, eleven nibbles were on the penis, one was on the scrotum, and four were on the backside. An entire 16 of the 24 casualties were chomped while sitting on the latrine. Sources Doctors Guide to Arthropods of Medical Significance, sixth release, by Jerome Stoddard.Bugs Rule! An Introduction to the World of Insects, by Whitey Cranshaw and Richard Redak.The Black Widow Spider, by Karen M. Vail, Carl Jones, and Harry Williams, University of Tennessee. Gotten to online August 12, 2015.Black Widow Spider, Occupational Safety and Health Administration reality sheet, U.S. Division of Labor. Gotten to online August 12, 2015.Black Widow Spider, North Carolina State University. Gotten to online August 12, 2015.Black Widow and Other Widow Spiders, University fo California IPM Program. Gotten to online August 12, 2015.The Black Widow, Alabama Cooperative Extension System. Gotten to online August 12, 2015.Genus Lactrodectus †Widow Spiders, Bugguide.net. Gotten to online August 12, 2015.The Treatment of Black Widow Spider Envenomation with Antivenin Latrodectus Mactans: A Case Series, by S. R. Offerman, G. P. Daubert, and R. F. Clark. The Permanente Journal,â 15(3), 76â€81 (2011). Gotten to online August 12, 2015. A US Perspective of SymptomaticLatrodectus spp. Envenomation and Treatment: A National Poison Data System Review, by Andrew A. Monte, Becki Bucher-Bartelson, and Kennon J. Heard. Archives of Pharmacotherapy, 45(12), 1491-1498 (December 2011). Gotten to online August 12, 2015.Black Widow Spider Bite, by H. T. Kirby-Smith. Annals of Surgery, 115(2), 249â€257 (1942).

The Physics of Skateboarding essays

The Physics of Skateboarding expositions With just a 2x4 on roller skate wheels, skateboarding began in the mid 50's. In those days skateboarding was just riding downhill from guide A toward point B. With the assistance from material science, the pastime of skateboarding has changed into an overall game. The material science in this developing game has made a change for a superior plan and materials. With the information on material science and better skateboards, the new type of skaters currently utilize a wide range of stunts while in the city, in a skate park, or on the vert inclines. It might appear that a portion of those stunts are disrupting the guidelines of material science, however the skaters are just utilizing them for their favorable position. To comprehend, you should know a couple of terms. To start with, you should know the life structures of the skateboard. The deck is board itself, normally produced using maple. On the deck, there is hold tape. The grasp tape is sandpaper on the board which assists with making erosion between the skater and the deck. Trucks are the axles that interface the wheels to the deck. The nose is the front truck and the tail is the back truck. The wheels are the last piece of the board which arrive in a scope of sizes for various individuals' needs. The premise to most skateboarding stunts in the Ollie. At the point when a skateboarder Ollies, the individual in question is utilizing a hopping method that material science has indicated us. This stunt happens when the skater is tapping the tail on the board on the ground and can bounce noticeable all around with the board. It might appear as though the board is joined to the skaters feet, however is truly happening that the skateboarder is pushing down on the board. This is known as the Paradoxical Maneuver, which is the turn around numerous tomahawks. There are three powers following up on the board during the ollie stunt. The principal power is the weight on the rider on the board. The subsequent power is the gravity following up on the board. The third power is of the ground squeezing up on the skateboarder. After these three powers li ... <!

Two Halves of the Same Song free essay sample

Two Halves of the Same Song My mom trusted you could be anything you needed to be in America (526). This Is the first sentence In Quite a while by Amy Tan spoken by the storytellers perspective, Jinn-met, the little girl. The story was an immediate impression of affection versus.. Insubordination with the mother and the girl, introduced In a funny practically sounding snide tone to show the two sorts of individuals In the story; the one the mother figured the girl ought to be and the one the little girl figured she ought to be, and at long last they understood that that was the equivalent person.The story starts by offering funniness to a portion of the moms convictions as though they were senseless, for example, in America an individual is boundless to what they could be regardless of whether that will be popular or just a mortgage holder, To comprehend what the mother implied you would need to realize a little about her experience and where she originated from. We will compose a custom exposition test on Two Halves of the Same Song or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page She was from China where ladies didnt have a lot of alternatives on what their job in life could be, so for her little girl she felt that there were unlimited prospects. Her mom In my eyes was a greater amount of what we like to call stage moms.She sought after her girl to be he best at something, anything as opposed to nothing by any means, so she ran over pushy stanzas cherishing. One would imagine that these were the moms dreams attempting to be satisfied through the girl. Jinn-Mel began to feel Like she must be somebody she wasnt so as to make her mom pleased. She said l was loaded up with a feeling that I would before long be great. My mom and father would worship me (527). Obviously she felt like in the event that she wasnt extraordinary at something they wouldnt love her.The storyteller causes it to appear as though it was the mother from the start who needed the little girl to meet she wasnt, yet at one point the little girl needed to succeed Just as much as much as her mom did, however the dread of disappointment and dismissal halted her. Next came the piano exercises. The possibility of Jinn-me playing the piano was odd, on the grounds that her mom was viewing an American TV show and saw a youthful Chinese young lady playing. IN-Sank her mom would state which implied, you watch, and afterward made her training the Plano for quite a while to turn out to be superior to the Chinese young lady on TV. After this point the little girl opposes the mother attempting to tumble to demonstrate this is the kind of person she was, standard. In the event that she didnt attempt at anything she couldnt fall flat. The girl didnt acknowledge how glad her mom was of her only for attempting. In the previous days when you were conceived you were naturally introduced to a specific class, and that class characterized who you could become In life whether it be a lord, rancher, vendor, or a smithy. In this story the circumstance appears to be fundamentally the same as. For what reason would Jinn-me need to be renowned or gifted when her mom was just a house cleaner?Maybe she was content with the existence she was naturally introduced to and didnt feel as though she should have been skilled to be glad. Her mom put her in a presentation gloating to her companions how Jinn-me Ovid to play the piano. This was her chance to give her mom what her identity was and It wasnt the individual she needed her to be, so Jinn-Mel went up and played awfully. Nonetheless, through the entirety of the rebellion attempting to remain consistent with what her identity was, which appeared to be a good-for-nothing, the mother despite everything pushed her to attempt and not give up.Years later glad for her. She just pushed her since she needed her to be the best at who she needed to be and tell her that Just on the grounds that you are naturally introduced to a specific way of life that doesnt characterize what your identity is, you characterize what your identity is. The tone of the story starts o sound cheerful stanzas the furious, snide, and once funny tone ridiculing the mother. Jinn-me really begins to get the point her mom made a decent attempt to introduce in her. One of the last sentences of the story grabbed my attention. It appeared to summarize everything in the story and why the irreconcilable situations happened. What's more, after I played them both a couple of times, I understood they were two parts of the equivalent song(534). Two parts of a similar melody could have been the title for Any Tans short story. The mother and the little girl both needed very similar things: for the girl to be pappy, and be the best at what fulfilled her yet taking a gander at it from just a single way you would not have figured that out.In this story it was told exclusively from the girls perspective. On the off chance that the mother were to portray this story it would have been totally unique. Possibly she would have not appeared as so discontent with her life that she needed to live it through her little girls, however the girl would have appeared as somebody who didnt care for there moms fondness and Just needed to be insubordinate. There is consistently different sides to a story however for this situation they were by all accounts contending a similar story.

The Iliad Essay Research Paper Aaron RorabaughRorabaugh free essay sample

The Iliad Essay, Research Paper Aaron RorabaughRorabaugh 1 Mrs. Kasehagen Pre-AP English 2/1/01 The Iliad The scene opens on the last twelvemonth of the Trojan war. The war had seethed for ten mature ages, with the attacking Greeks battle against Troy. Apollo has sent a disease to the Greeks since Agamemnon, male ruler and pioneer of the Greeks, shamed a young lady of Apollo # 8217 ; s minister. At the point when the ground for the epidemic is found, Agamemnon loses control and resistant, miserable to give the young lady back to her male parent to assuage Apollo. Achilles, a predominant Greek warrior, challenges Agamemnon # 8217 ; s haughtiness, however Agamemnon turns his choler to Achilles, and requests that Achilles give a slave miss to him as a pay. Achilles loads up with fierceness, however Athena, Goddess of Wisdom, calm both work powers down so they do non battle with cutting edges. On the other hand they contend, and Achilles pulls back from the Grecian cantonment, declining to fight until Agamemnon apologizes. We will compose a custom article test on The Iliad Essay Research Paper Aaron RorabaughRorabaugh or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Then, on Olympus, the spot of the Gods, the Gods are favoring one side in the battle. Aphrodite convinces Zeus to offer glorification to the Trojans, assuming simply incidentally. Zeus concurs, which incenses his wedded lady Hera, who favors the Greeks. Numerous Grecian chiefs need to forsake the war against Troy, since they are fatigued. This is non the desire of Zeus, thus he sends a bogus message in dream signifier to Agamemnon, elevating him to battle, and guaranteeing him a simple triumph. Rorabaugh 2 Agamemnon inquires as to whether they need to go forward, trusting for an energizing answer, however then again, every one of them begin heading for their boats. Odysseus, a cunning warrior, makes a location and spurs the Greeks to remain and battle. Paris, the delightful and weak kid of the Trojan male ruler Priam, begins to tout and challenges any Grecian to battle him. Menelaus, sibling of Agamemnon, takes this self-acclaim. The two sides consent to a cease-fire, and the victor of this individual battle will win the war. Paris is overmatched, yet he is spared by Godhead intervention by Aphrodite. The peace negotiation gets tense, and is broken by Pandarus. Athena helps with helping Pandarus to toss a spear that brushes Menelaus. The contention starts vigorously. Aprhodite, Ares, also, Apollo accept human signifier and fight to help the Trojans. Diomedes, a Grecian warrior, has incredible karma in battle, harming both Aphrodite and Ares so that they need to go forward the battleground. The Battle has calmed for a moment. Glaucus and Hippolochus, two family unit companions yet now on rival sides, meet and can trade a couple of expressions of cordial relationship. During the Lull, Paris and Hector come back to the contention. Hector says farewell to his wedded lady and kid, and makes a location about tolerating fate. Hector offers to battle another individual battle struggle, and Ajax acknowledges. They battle until sunset. Rorabaugh 3 During the dull, the Greeks build a guarded divider and take a couple of long stretches of sleep before morning. Zeus proclaims that the Gods will no longer meddle in the war. The cease-fire does non last past morning, and the Trojan ground powers increments place on the Greeks. Hector leads, yet he can non intrude on the Grecian resistance before dull. The Greeks do non kip, and keep up ticker all dull. Agamemnon offers a full retreat, this cut decisively, however Diomedes loses control and persuades the Greeks to remain. Ajax and Phoenix travel to see Achilles and ask for his arrival. Achilles is glad to see them, yet he will not come back to the contention, and loses control when they offer settlements of riches. Agamemnon can non kip, thus to facilitate his head, he sends Diomedes and Odysseus on a covert operative strategic. They break into the Trojan cantonment, murder a regressive covert operator, what's more, murder numerous different Trojans as they rest. The fighting proceeds in the forenoon, furthermore, Agamemnon drives a charge. Paris wounds Diomedes, and Odysseus is about kidnapped. Achilles hears the battle from his boat. He sends Patroclus, his adored companion, to perceive what is going on. Th nutrient E Grecian line interferences, and the Trojans enter the Grecian cantonment. The Greeks are near the very edge of licking, and they start to pull back to their boats. Posiedon, God of the ocean, appears to the Greeks in the signifier of Calchas the prophesier, and propels them to continue battling. Ajax helps Posiedon, and the Greeks battle nearby their boats. The Greeks keep the Trojans down. Rorabaugh 4 Agamemnon again proposes retreat, and Odysseus and Diomedes contradict him, what's more, the Greeks remain. Hera, Zeus # 8217 ; wedded lady, drugs him so Posiedon can support the Greeks without intercession from Zeus. Zeus awakens from his medication incited sleep, and powers Posiedon to end helping the Greeks. The Trojans attempt another surge, however it is spurned for the most part because of Ajax. In the mean time, Patroclus has entered the Grecian cantonment and is moved to cryings by the misery of his individual officers. Patroclus asks Achilles for authorization to fight using Achilles # 8217 ; defensive layer. Achilles concurs, yet he cautions Patroclus non to battle too much unsafely, or pursue foes. Patroclus gets consumed in the battle, furthermore, fights past his capacity. Hector slaughters Patroclus. Hector takes Achilles # 8217 ; protective layer off of Patroclus. The Grecian warriors race to help Patroclus # 8217 ; natural structure. Numerous Greeks fight to rescue his natural structure, and Menelaus and Meriones are effective. Achilles learns of Patroclus # 8217 ; expire, and he cries and grieves. Achilles female parent, the ocean sprite Thetis, amenitiess her kid by inquisitive Hepheastus, metal forger of the Gods to do him a suit of Godhead defensive layer. Hepheastus makes a suit of protection that shows scenes from Grecian history, of the past, of the present war, and of the great beyond. Thetis presents the covering to her kid Achilles, furthermore assists with continueing Patroclus # 8217 ; natural structure. Rorabaugh 5 Achilles wantonnesss his announcement with Agamemnon, and they make damagess. Before Achilles enters strife, he is recounted the prediction of his expire by Furies, Gods that prophesize. Achilles acknowledges his predetermination, and starts to battle. Since the Gods can non strife the people, they start to struggle each other about the consequence of the war. In the mean time, Achilles is assaulting Hector, to vindicate Patroclus. Achilles is about trapped by Aeneas, a Trojan, however Posiedon secures Achilles. Achilles again endeavors to slaughter Hector, however Hector is spared by Apollo. Achilles executes numerous other Dardans to try to make Hector. Achilles slaughters each Dardan he sees without mercy. He powers the Trojans to pull back to the Scamander stream. Achilles even battles the stream, which is god-like. The stream routs him, yet leaves him alive. Achilles leaves the stream, and drives to the Gatess of Troy. The Trojans have withdrawn into the city dividers. Achilles requests that Hector fight him in singular battle. Hector concurs, in spite of the fact that he is asked to stay by his male parent Lord Priam and his wedded lady. Achilles pursues Hector around the city dividers multiple times, what's more, Hector is ensured by Athena introducing as Deiphobus. Hector chooses to stand what's more, fight, and he accepts he is being ensured by a considerate God. Hector impulsively discards his spear, and when he requests another, there is no God to gracefully it, since Athena has surrendered him. Rorabaugh 6 Hector approaches Achilles for pardon in his expire, however Achilles cannot, and anguishs Hector before slaughtering him. Achilles ties Hector # 8217 ; s natural structure to his chariot, and drives around the Gatess of Troy multiple times with Hector # 8217 ; s natural structure hauling behind. The Greeks complete their loss for Patroclus with memorial service rounds of games. They have a meal, and consume the natural structure of Hector. Zeus proclaims that Priam will be permitted to hold Hector # 8217 ; s natural structure. Zeus sends Hermes with Priam, and they enter the Grecian cantonment. Priam asks for Hector # 8217 ; s natural structure back at the pess of Achilles. Achilles sobs with Priam, and awards his request. Achilles other than awards Priam a truce to conventionally grieve his kid. The city of Troy grieves Hector for 9 yearss, thus they have a repast, and fire his natural structure on a burial service fire.

Slang and shortened words are too casual and vague to others

Slang and abbreviated words are excessively easygoing and ambiguous to other people Hashtag: #RuinAFriendShipin5Words Web based life Words and Phrases in the Academic World Slang and Shortened Words are Too Casual and Vague to Others Slang words like â€Å"cops† and â€Å"pigs†, phrases like â€Å"It’s cool†, and abbreviated words, for example, messaging terms (â€Å"r u†, â€Å"2moro†, and so forth.) are never endured in the scholarly circle. One valid justification is that perusers of scholarly papers are not constrained to locals, however incorporate people from various ethnic gatherings who don't comprehend English slang words. Another is the way that slang words are unreasonably casual for academic works that are for the most part proposed for a basic and taught crowd. Abbreviated words, then again, are normally messaging terms that are once in a while utilized in the scholarly circle and might be confused by certain perusers. Distinguishing someone from Asia utilizing the expression â€Å"that Oriental man† is hostile and mortifying to that specific individual. Thus, calling or naming a dark individual â€Å"Nigger† is a joke of his ethnicity. Besides, they mean racial segregation, a philanthropic issue that the scholastic world emphatically restricted. Individuals generally utilize the word â€Å"retard† as an increasingly wry substitute for the word â€Å"stupid†. â€Å"Retard† is, in all actuality, a detest discourse and oral offense for the most part meant to cause someone with mental and formative incapacities to feel awful. The word â€Å"retard† as indicated by one investigation is startling and terrible to those with scholarly issues. The influenced individual frequently feels sharpness and regularly turns out to be detached and socially disengaged. Unfavorable, Discriminatory, and Rude Words Offend People Annoying and biased words hurt people’s sentiments and nobility as individuals and along these lines unsatisfactory in the scholastic world. The word â€Å"toilet† might be OK for others, however it is offending to a more established age. Essentially, words, for example, â€Å"wuss† or a weakling, â€Å"derp† or absurd and mainstream phrases like â€Å"That’s so gay† and â€Å"Don’t be a girl† have an enormous passionate effect on individuals. A school in the United Kingdom prohibited the words â€Å"history†, â€Å"lady†, â€Å"mad†, â€Å"crazy†, and â€Å"slaving† on the grounds that they are hostile to various individuals. These offending words as indicated by this establishment insult ladies, ethnic gatherings, gay people, and upset those with psychological sickness. The expression â€Å"taking the Mickey† is viewed as Anti-Irish and subsequently racially hostile. The expression â€Å"Go to hell† that a great many people much of the time hear on TV is savage and seriously corrupt someone’s nobility. Thus, swear or discourteous words like â€Å"damn†, â€Å"scumbag†, â€Å"cripple†, and other messy or foul language offends and respect. These foul dialects are fairly tantamount to Twitter clients expresses that are sufficiently hostile to #RuinAFriendShipin5Words, for example, â€Å"Dude, your sister is hot†, â€Å"I don’t like tainted mushrooms†, or â€Å"Wow your child is dumb† Morals is the principle purpose behind confining these hostile and disdainful words. The scholarly world is against any type of minimization, predisposition, bias, and generalizing. The other explanation is useful. For instance, the importance of fragmented words is frequently hard to grasp and along these lines liable to be misconstrued and deciphered distinctively by perusers. Words that are not comprehensive can by and by influence a few perusers while others, imagining that such words are inapplicable to their conditions, ignore them without a moment's delay.

Put Your Dukes Up! Boxing Fiction to Rattle Your Teeth

Put Your Dukes Up! Boxing Fiction to Rattle Your Teeth The first boxing book I remember was  Lando  by Louis LAmour. Lando was one of the Sacketts, but if memory serves, he was the only Sackett tossed into a horrific Mexican prison. He survived with silver-dollar-bending strength and a hellacious skill-set of the fisticuffs variety. The Sacketts were always hard hombres, but Lando was particularly bad news. I idolized him and he lead me to more reading about boxing. These days, the more I read, and the more widely I read, the more aware I am that boxing, or The Sweet Science, holds an allure for many authors. Sometimes its an attempt to understand the sport. Sometimes its an attempt to prove that its not a sport at all, but a barbaric enterprise: sanctioned brutality and blood for the mob. Boxing gets romanticized, demonized, misunderstood constantly, but so many authors  write about it, or at least make the attempt. I started accumulating boxing books as a young boy, and now Im finally ready to admit that Im never going to stop. I couldnt get enough. Still cant. And Im not alone. Hemingway wrote about boxing and boxed himself, although he may have suffered from romantic delusions. Some of cinematic storyteller Stanley Kubricks best work is found in his boxing photography. Norman Mailer was passionate about people hitting each other, but thats no surprise.  Read the Battle Royal opening of Ellisons  Invisible Manit will rattle your teeth. Joyce Carol Oates  wrote a book called  On Boxing,  and its great! There are so many, but today I want to steer you towards four of my favorites. Here are a few that I would encourage anyone to start with. The Abysmal Brute  by Jack London This is a simple, straightforward story about a hulking (but sensitive and literate!) farmboy who comes to the big city and begins to dominate the world of boxing. He winds up fighting against the sports rampant corruption when he realizes that even though hes winning his fights, (and hed win regardless, hes the best boxer) the fights are fixed to make money for other men. En route to the happy and inspiring conclusionsomething you dont get often with Londontheres a love story, some skillful writing about boxing itself, and a great underdog story. Ive never heard anyone else talk about this book. Please read it. Im very lonely. Rope Burns: Stories From The Corner  by F.X. Toole This brilliant collection of boxing stories, which houses the story  Million Dollar Baby,  is one of the best short story collections Ive ever read, period. And its definitely my favorite collection of boxing stories. Toole was a professional cut man. He knew boxing and it shows. When someone says a book is gritty, I usually think of Rope Burns  and wonder if they know about it.  If you dont find Tooles writing persuasive, I fear you are simply beyond persuasion. The story of the books publication is pretty cool, too. One Ring Circus: Dispatches from the World of Boxing  by Katherine Dunn Did you read  Geek Love,  also by Dunn? Please do. Ir you read  Geek Love,  would you have expected its author to write a book of boxing essays? Me either. But Im happy to report that  One Ring Circus  was every bit as unputdownable for me, if less perverse and insane and obscene and with fewer mutilation-based cults The Pugilist at Rest  and  Sonny Liston Was a Friend of Mine  by Thom Jones Besides  Rope Burns,  these two collections by Jones are as close to the visceral craziness of boxing/fighting as anything else Ive read. Jones writes well about anger, men, mania, fists, addiction, and people edging ever closer to their limits. The stories in these books arent only about boxing, but they contain some of the finest boxing fiction Ive ever read. Read  Dynamite Hands  and tell me you werent tempted to go try the isometrics exercises against the nearest brick wall. If you like these two books, Joness  Cold Snap  will also delight and/or repulse you. And thats that. If you have any additions to this list, please tell me. Ive got space on my shelves for approximately one thousand more books about boxing. . _________________________ Sign up for our newsletter to have the best of Book Riot delivered straight to your inbox every two weeks. No spam. We promise. To keep up with Book Riot on a daily basis, follow us on Twitter, like us on Facebook, , and subscribe to the Book Riot podcast in iTunes or via RSS. So much bookish goodnessall day, every day. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Sheryle Bolton Breaking barriers for female-led companies

In honor of International Womens Day, were celebrating inspirational women in our community and sharing their stories to promote the importance of diversity  in business. Discussing the challenges that still exist for women, well learn from the journeys and industry expertise of our Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021 Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021"> During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . Happy New Year, Hultians! . Happy New Year, Hultians! .

The Battle Of The Roman Republic - 798 Words

Two major forces struggled for dominance within Rome during the last century before the Common Era began. These two political forces were the citizens, whom Cicero believed should rule, and the military. The latter would assume power and according to Cicero this was the beginning of the end of the Roman Republic.[1] Cicero was correct in his stoic assessments that when the power was taken from the people and put into the hands of the few then no longer was Rome guided by moral and philosophical principals. With the power in the hands of the military Rome would now be put on a war path of conquest, greed, corruption, and self-preservation founded on fear and intimidation rather than public service, personal accountability and honesty.[2] Cicero however Novus Homo that he was, being the first elected from his family to the Consul in 63 BC, was in a loss for true company among the biggest the power players of his day. Being a true stoic Cicero’s loyalty to country cost his popularity with the most powerful men of Roman politics including, Julius Caesar and Mark Antony while Octavian who would later propel Rome to her greatest dominance and bring about the Pax Romana, he would get caught in the middle of Cicero’s political struggle. Octavian even argued in the senate for two days on Cicero’s behalf for him to not be added to a list of enemies and adversaries of the Second Triumvirate, but to no avail as the damage was done. Here Octavian learned a great lesson of theseShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of The Roman Republic1741 Words   |  7 PagesAs the Roman Republic found its way into the third and second centuries BC, it could not have anticipated its level of military engagement nor the number of conflicts it would find itself in over the next two hundred years. A series of wars allowed the Roman Republic to consolidate power on the Italian peninsula, emerge as a major force in the Mediterranean area, and lay the groundwork for what eventually would become the Empire. The series of wars Rome fought had profound impacts on the politicalRead MoreThe Battle Of Alesia On The Roman Republic1181 Words   |  5 PagesMy essay is about the Battle of Alesia that took place in 52 BC, by the Roman dictator Julius Caesar. Rome went to war with the Gallic tribes from 58 BC to 50 BC, these wars ended with the win in Alesia in 52 BC. The Romans had a lot of victories and that made the Roman Republic expand over all of Gaul. This battle win in Alesia made Julius Caesar head ruler of the Roman Republic. The background of the battle started in 54-53 BC when the Carnutes killed the pro-Roman ruler Tasgetius. After that incidentRead MoreThe Battle Between Carthage And Rome1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe three Punic Wars was a series of battles fought between Carthage and Rome that lasted almost a century from 264 BC to 149 BC. As Carthage had the leading power of Western Mediterranean and Rome’s control over the peninsula of Italy. However, both of the two states had different intensions over the island of Sicily leading to the battles of the Punic Wars that soon later ended in a total defeat for Carthage. With the desire of controlling the island of Sicily, Carthage would still have the dominanceRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of Rome Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe rise and fall of one of the greatest empires known to man, the Roman republic, were caused by several key factors. Three of which were the decline of monarchy within the empire, foreign conquests and expansion of the growing empire, and political battles between powerful officials. The decline of monarchy which caused the rise of the republic was caused by the expulsion of the last Etruscan king. An ancient Roman tale tells of how the last Etruscan king, Tarquinius Superbus, was driven fromRead MoreThe Rise of Rome Essay615 Words   |  3 PagesThe Rise of Rome The Roman Republic began in 509 B.C.E. with the overthrow of the Etruscan monarchy. In 27 B.C.E the Roman Empire began with Octavian Caesar becoming the emperor, this ended almost 500 years of republican self-government. There is much debate over why Rome became so powerful so quickly. Many think it had to do with Romes military strength. Others think that it was because Rome knew of and controlled most of the trade routes. Still others believed it had to do with the technologyRead MoreRoman Republic And The Roman Empire1108 Words   |  5 PagesRoman Republic, one of the most famous republic in ancient time, established a form of government comprising three main parts: a few magistrates, a Senate, and several assemblies. Roman Republic was the period of ancient Roman civilization starting with the collapse of the Roman Kingdom in 509 BC, and ended in 27 BC with the founding of the Roman Empire. The government had representatives selected by citizen and ended because of the civ il war between powerful generals including Antony and BrutusRead MoreEssay on The Rise of Rome600 Words   |  3 Pages The Rise of Rome The Roman Republic began in 509 B.C.E. with the overthrow of the Etruscan monarchy. In 27 B.C.E the Roman Empire began with Octavian Caesar becoming the emperor, this ended almost 500 years of republican self-government. There is much debate over why Rome became so powerful so quickly. Many think it had to do with Rome’s military strength. Others think that it was because Rome knew of and controlled most of the trade routes. Still others believed it had to do with the technologyRead MoreThe Temple Of Jupiter Optimus1353 Words   |  6 PagesLike the Etruscans and Greeks before them, the Romans are known for having constructed monumental temples in highly visible locations. Situated atop the Capitoline Hill in the heart of the ancient city of Rome, the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, shared with Juno Regina, and Minerva, represented this tradition well. Before the iconic Temple became known as the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, the site came to symbolize Rome’s p osition as Caput Mundi, which literally means ‘head of the world’Read MoreTaking a Look at the Second Triumvirate1536 Words   |  6 PagesThe Second Triumvirate was a â€Å"formal magistracy legally appointed which could dominate the Senate and the State† (Scullard) and would prove to be the final straw in an already failed Republican system. The Roman Republic was ruled by a Constitution, which relied on a balance of three elements; The Senate; the Magistrates; the Assemblies. When the balance was upset either by ambitious magistrates, armies or tribunes then civil war was the result. The Senate proved ineffectual in preventing the SecondRead MoreDifferences Between Roman Republic And Roman Empire865 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferences between the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. With the many differences there are also some similarities between the two governing systems. A obvious difference is the time period the Roman Republic and Roman Empire lasted. A o bvious similarity is they both occurred in Rome. Rome felt under constant threat, at the beginning of the Roman Republic. The Roman Republic was initially ruled by the rich and powerful. This ruling began â€Å"After the overthrow of the monarchy, Roman nobles, eager to

Who Is The Founder, President, And Ceo Of He Delivers...

HE Delivers Unlimited, Inc. – Case Study Lisa Smith is the founder, president, and CEO of HE Delivers Unlimited, Inc. Smith is unware of how her HE Delivers is performing. For example, Smith is going into the third year of operations struggling financially. HE Delivers largest customer is delinquent in submitting payments and without timely receipt of payment. Also, Smith is trying to improve her credit score, continue operating without timely accurate financial statements, and without incurring any additional debt. HE Delivers has a portion of their business operating in a charitable capacity by serving those who are disabled and underprivileged. Smith needs to make pertinent business decisions to take control of her future as a business owner, and if not then HE Delivers will shut its doors for good. Evaluation of Current Situation In Lisa Smith’s example, she has some of the same common challenges that small business managers face. Smith’s challenges include: cash flow issues, finding and retaining profitable customers, having too many overheads, and staying current. Compared to Tom Ewer 6 biggest challenges facing small businesses, Smith has four out of six challenges she needs to address if she wants to expand her business. â€Å"Tom Ewer list consist of: 1. Cash Flow Issues, 2. Tiredness, 3. Finding and Retaining Profitable Customers, 4. Motivating Employees, 5. Having Too Many Overheads, and finally 6. Staying Current.† (Ewer, 2016) Smith’s two main challengesShow MoreRelatedWalnut Venture Asociates Deal Terms5078 Words   |  21 Pagesthe weekend. He knew it would be a busy one, for he had many decisions to make. He had been trying to raise capital for his Company – the RBS Group, a software firm – for almost a year. He felt like he was finally nearing the end of this process, but now more issues had arisen. First, his prospective investors wanted to increase the amount of their investment. While he would be happy to have the extra money, he felt that the valuation on RBS was already lower than he had hoped, and he was reluctantRead MoreBlockbuster Inc: a Strategy and Competitive Analysis3895 Words   |  16 PagesBlockbuster Inc: A Strategy and Competitive Analysis April 27, 2007 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Blockbuster History 4 Competition and the State of the Rental Industry 5 The Strategy to Remain Competitive 6 Economic Factors 10 Supply Chain Strategy 11 Sales, Service and Promotion Strategy 13 Conclusion 16 Appendix 17 Exhibit 1 Blockbuster SWOT Analysis 17 Exhibit 2 17 Blockbuster Video Facts 17 Hollywood Video Facts 17 Netflix FactsRead MoreWalnut Deal Terms D Case5037 Words   |  21 Pagesthe weekend. He knew it would be a busy one, for he had many decisions to make. He had been trying to raise capital for his Company – the RBS Group, a software firm – for almost a year. He felt like he was finally nearing the end of this process, but now more issues had arisen. First, his prospective investors wanted to increase the amount of their investment. While he would be happy to have the extra money, he felt that the valuation on RBS was already lower than he had hoped, and he was reluctantRead MoreNetflix Case Study Analysis7552 Words   |  31 PagesNetflix, Inc., (NASDAQ:  NFLX) is an American provider of  on-demand  internet  streaming media  in the United States, Canada[5], and Latin America and  flat rate  DVD-by-mail  in the United States. The company was established in 1997 and is headquartered in  Los Gatos, California. It started its  subscription-based  digital distributionservice in 1999[6]  and by 2009 it was offering a collection of 100,000 titles on DVD and had surpassed 10 million subscribers. On February 25, 2007, Netflix announced the billionthRead MoreApple - History5769 Words   |  24 Pages Jobs realized that there was a market for small computers. He also realized that he could market the companys name and the computers user-friendly look. In 1977 Wozniak added a keyboard, color monitor, and eight peripheral device slots. Apple sales increased from $7.8 million in 1978 to $117 million by 1980, which was the year that Apple went public. Wozniak left the Apple in 1983 and Jobs hired PepsiCos John Sculley as president. In 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh and bounced back fromRead MoreGoogle Case Study14862 Words   |  60 PagesGoogle founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin. PageRank uses a link structure to determine a user?s value of a page and its importance to the search. There are more than 10 other aspects that Google determines when putting together the matches of a search (Google). Revenue from advertising programs ? 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CEO Jeff Bezos pointed out: ‘When we plant a seed, it tends to take 5 to 7 years before it has a meaningful impact on the economics of the company.’ As 2009 rolled on, some strategic issues that Bezos had himself identiï ¬ ed and needed to cons ider includedRead MoreWhy Do Some Leaders Abuse Their Power4363 Words   |  18 Pagesby providing rewarding or administering punishment. When leaders in organizations abuse power, power will become evil or unjust. In the last decades ,the pervasiveness of ethical lapses of corporate villains has been astounding such as Unethical CEO behaviour, white-collar crime, property deviance, employee grievances and lawsuits.In this essay I will mainly focus on analysing the causes of the toxic leaders deviant behaviour, the consequences it will trigger and how should followers survive in

How to Find Adult Education and Earn Your GED in Texas

The Texas Education Agency, known as TEA, is responsible for adult education and high school equivalency testing in the state of Texas. According to the website: The high school equivalency assessment serves as the basis for the Texas Education Agency (TEA) to issue the Texas Certificate of High School Equivalency (TxCHSE). TEA is the only agency in Texas authorized to issue the Texas Certificate of High School Equivalency.   Tests may only be administered by authorized testing centers. Four Testing Options The state allows adult learners to take the High School Equivalencyhttp://tea.texas.gov/HSEP/ exam, the GED exam or, alternatively, to take the HiSET or TASC exam. Each exam is a little different, so its worth your while to take a look at all three. You may find that one or the other is a better match for your skills and knowledge. Its important to know that: All three tests may be taken in English, Spanish, or a combination  All three tests use a computer for at least part of the examAll three tests include sections on language arts, math, science, and social studies; the HiSET and TASC have additional sections as wellThere is a fee for taking the tests; the GED costs $145 while the other two cost about $125. You may be able to get help funding the cost of the testIf you have any type of documented disability that could make it difficult to take the test, you can ask for and receive accommodations Texas Virtual School Network TEA manages a virtual school network that provides Texas students with access to online courses. You can take these courses to prepare for high school equivalency tests, or take a test prep course. Test prep is offered free through online programs and through the Adult Education and Literacy Teachers program. Job Corps Also under Related Content on the Certificate of High School Equivalency Information page is a link to Job Corps. The link takes you to a map of Texas with job corps centers identified. Click on the homepage for information about how to take advantage of this opportunity. There is an eligibility quiz on the landing page, and the links on the top navigation bar are also helpful. Under FAQs, youll learn that Job Corps is a nationwide program that offers hands-on training in more than 100 career technical areas, including: Automotive and machine repairConstructionFinance and business servicesHealthcareHospitalityInformation technologyManufacturingRenewable resources You can also earn your GED through Job Corps and participate in college level courses. ESL courses are also available through Job Corps. Texas Workforce Commission Adult education and literacy help in Texas is also available from the Texas Workforce Commission. TWC provides help with learning the English language, math, reading, and writing with the goal of helping students acquire the skills they need to find a better job or enter college. Good luck!

Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury - 2455 Words

Ray Bradbury writes Fahrenheit 451 during a time free thinking seems to be slowly disappearing thanks to the advances in technology such as television and the radio. These advances are becoming the principal vehicle to exercise the imagination, once entertained by the knowledge provided by books. As a child Bradbury learnt about the burning of the library of Alexandria thousands of years ago. He was fifteen years old, and Hitler was burning books in the streets of Berlin. These events from the past and the present inflict sadness to Bradbury, a man who loves books, a man that learns everything with books and libraries. Bradbury is aware that if events like these can happen in Alexandria and Berlin, is just a matter of time to see another library burning, another street with a pile of knowledge burning. Heroes, philosophers, adventurers consumed by the flames at 451 degrees. Bradbury uses an array of symbols in Fahrenheit 451, which together conveys an amalgam of emotions. These emot ions are strictly connected to the plot in the story, the dangers that humanity faces if a totalitarian government takes all sources of knowledge away, and free thinkers are persecuted, exterminated. Fahrenheit 451, the title of this novel, is also the first symbol present in the story. Bradbury could have used any other name for this novel, but by using Fahrenheit 451 he is creating an allusion to the plot in the story. Just by reading the title the reader gets an idea of what the book is allShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury719 Words   |  3 PagesThe flash point of paper, or the temperature at which paper will burst in flames, is 451 degrees Fahrenheit. In Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury, the main character, Guy Montag, is a â€Å"fireman† in a futuristic society where he and his coworkers start fires, rather than put them out. Books are banned and burned, along with the owner of the book’s house and sometimes even the owner of the book, upon discovery. Technology has taken over in a sense that social interaction between the average personRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1952 Words   |  8 Pagesis clearly displayed in the plight of Ray Bradbury’s novel about a dystopian American society, Fahrenheit 451, which contains many ideas and bits of content that some people believed should be censored. In fact, one of the reasons that this novel was censored for displaying the dangers of censorship, which is both extremely ironic, and telling as to where this society is going. Thanks to several distributors and oversensitive parents and teachers, Fahrenheit 451 has been banned in many schools overRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury954 Words   |  4 Pages In Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the author uses allegory (often misinterpreted by readers) to show the dangers of mass media consumption and the decline of reading traditional media. Many readers draw incorrect conclusions (lessons learned) from the book due to how generally the book applies its theme. Government censorship, though an important topic, is not the intended focus of the novel Fahrenheit 451. Finally, Bradbury’s original message of the book shows the beauty of traditional media andRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1592 Words   |  7 PagesWhen writing the introduction to Fahrenheit 451, author Neil Gaiman stated that â€Å"ideas--written ideas--are special. They are the way we transmit our stories and our thoughts from one generation to the next. If we lose them, we lose our shared history†. Gaiman is absolutely correct; especially because what he is saying heavily applies to books. Books are a critical aspect in shaping humanity as a whole, they create and share a network of creative ideas, history, and overall entertainment; to loseRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1661 Words   |  7 Pages1.) In the novel, Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, Montag’s view on life reverses. Two characters the influence the main character Guy Montag are the old lady whose house and books were burnt down and Mildred. The old lady was caught preserving books in her home. Firemen including Montag were ordered to burn the books. The old lady refused to leave her books, so she too was burned. She bravely gave an allusion as her last words, â€Å"Play the man,’ she said, ‘Master Ridley.’ Something, somethingRead MoreFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury818 Words   |  4 PagesFAHRENHEIT 451 BY RAY BRADBURY Important People in Montag’s Life In Partical Fulfillment Of English 2 Ms Irina Abramov By Helen Hernandez November 9, 2012 â€Å"There are worse crimes than burning books. One of them is not reading them† -Ray Bradbury. In the past there were events that affected book writers. People will get together to burn books because they thought it was inappropriate or they were against their literature. Montag is a fireman in a futuristic society who would startRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury918 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Fahrenheit 451,† written by Ray Bradbury, is a futuristic, dystopian novel based upon a society secluded by technology and ignorance. In this future society, books are outlawed and firemen are presented with the task of burning books that are found in people’s homes. Montag, a fireman, finds himself intrigued with the books, and begins to take them home and read them. As the story progresses, Montag learns the truth behind why books are outlawed and flees his city to join the last remnants of age-oldRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury863 Words   |  4 PagesTh e novel, Fahrenheit 451 was written by Ray Bradbury and it took place in the dystopian future. Throughout each novel, we are able to see a major theme, which is censorship. In this essay, I will explain how this theme are explored in the story by using the literary devices. To begin with, in this novel, censorship is not given a straight description, but we can see how the author shows it through many literary elements, such as using the setting, tone and symbolisms even foreshadowing. This novelRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury943 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel Fahrenheit 451, written in 1951 by Ray Bradbury. There are many similarities between the novel and contemporary society, including technology, family lifestyle and censorship. In Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury’s main focus was on technology, such as televisions. Televisions were a big deal back in 1950, individuals were thrilled to get their hands on the new device. When it comes to Mildred, Montag s wife in Fahrenheit 451 novel. Mildred was so obsessed with televisions. She had three differentRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1592 Words   |  7 PagesWhen writing the introduction to Fahrenheit 451, author Neil Gaiman stated that â€Å"ideas--written ideas--are special. They are the way we transmit our stories and our thoughts from one generation to the next. If we lose them, we lose our shared history†. Gaiman is absolutely correct; especially because what he is saying heavily applies to books. Books are a critical aspect in shaping humanity as a whole, they create and share a network of creative ideas, history, and overall entertainment; to lose

American influence to world war Free Essays

The First World War or the Great War was primarily a global conflict that was fought in Europe from 1914 to 1918. Some nations were actively involved in this war and among them were Britain and France. All this long America had not being involved in this war . We will write a custom essay sample on American influence to world war or any similar topic only for you Order Now They sought to remain neutral. They had the intentions of being silent both in deeds and thoughts . As a matter of fact, in December 1916 the then president of America Woodrow Wilson had offered himself as a mediator in this European conflict. This idea of being neutral did not go for long following a series of events that were going on between 1915 and 1917. The Americans lost their lives when German submarine warfare declared the â€Å"sinking of ships tradition†. The most hurting was the attack on May 7, 1915 against Lusitanian ship when 128 Americans perished. This broke the relationship between the Americans and Germans. One of the factors that led to joining in this war was President Wilson’s idealism. He persuaded the congress to declare war on Germany . He argued that western civilization could be destroyed or hampered thus his announcement â€Å"war to end wars† This was taken to mean that his intention was to create a ground for peace building and prevention of catastrophic future wars. According to Wilson, the way out to resolving these disputes could only be attributed to issues like ,general association by nations that would form international associations of nations to preach peace for example the league of nations, The Turkish People of Ottoman empire were to become a sovereign. He also looked forward to seeing integrity being granted to Romania, Montenegro, Serbia and Balkan states at the same time Serbia to be given the freedom to use the Adriatic Sea. He wanted the freedom to the seas and free trade. The Italian borders were to be redrawn on lines of nationality. Wilson wanted the abolishment of secret treaties . Another key factor for joining the war was the economic interests. As these conflicts went on, the Americans were eying on it. It was becoming clear that the British-French alliance was at the verge of loosing the war to the Germans. Their anxiety was attributed to the fact that the Americans were fully involved in financing them. As observed earlier, the turning point for waging war on the Germans was when they declared the â€Å"unrestricted warfare on submarines† in January 1917. The trading business ties between the Americans and other central powers had a negative impact. It was at this point that Americans declared war but there was nothing to do with naval policy as perceived to be. It was about the safe guarding of their economic investment and trade rather than protecting the poor Americans. In another perspective, due to Americans neutral stand, their businessmen were in a position to trade with both sides and got large profits. They were trading with both the Germans and other super powers like the British and French. (Vincent Joseph 2003) As the war went on and continued the private European business and the British government and its allies bought more and more American weapons and non-military goods. To pay for them, they had to borrow money from American financiers since they had exhausted their resources. This made them earn lots of wealth. Before the World War 1, majority of the American exports went overseas in foreign ships. Unfortunatery when British entered into war, the British navy blocked German ships from conducting and engaging in international trade. The German Navy also halted the British and allied from shipping. This resulted to decrease in the number of ships available for freight and consequently increase in cost of shipping goods. This made American exporters find it difficult to conduct their business as usual . They reiterated by joining the war with an aim of ending this stalemate. (Allan R Millet2001) America was also influenced to join the war against the Germans by pressure from domestic propaganda campaigns. This was executed by a committee on public information. These propagandas were being conducted by many government committee community leaders who were giving pro-war speeches in many public gatherings. There were private and government vigilante groups that were involved like; the American Protective League. There was a general harassment and repression on those opposed to Americans joining the war. There were also other forms and means of propagating propaganda and among them were; large print posters, photos, newsreels, magazines and newspapers among other methods. Americans were also influenced to join in the war due to the issue of German Naval policy. In 1917 Germany returned to the policy of unrestricted warfare on submarine. This policy was first introduced in 1915. This naval policy declared the area in the British Isles a war zone. This meant that the ships trading along these waters and those of neutral states would be attacked by the naval. There were chains of attacks on ships that led to the sinking of the British ship,Lusitania by a German U_boat. Despite the fact that this ship was carrying military equipment and was rather meant for passengers only did not hider the then president of America Woodrow Wilson to declare war on Germany in 1917(Allan R Millet ,2001) In conclusion, the German Naval policy stipulated that, whenever an American ship was found on the Atlantic Ocean and be suspected to be providing military equipment to the British would be destroyed. The economic interest of the American was to open the trade-links especially in Europe. However, this could not happen because the German U-boats were destroying ships including the Lusitanian which made America join the war. Work cited Allan R Millet, Military effectiveness in First World War, Oxford University Press. (2001) Albert Edward, McKinley World War I McKinley Publishers, London (2002) Vincent Joseph, A concise History of World War I, Oxford University Press, London, (2003). How to cite American influence to world war, Papers

Essay about The Tragedy Of Hurricane Katrina Essay Example For Students

Essay about The Tragedy Of Hurricane Katrina Essay Homeland crises do no happen often in the United States, but when they do, they are typically devastating. Two particular attacks that happened during the millennial lifetime were September 11, 2001 and Hurricane Katrina. A lot of people can remember where they were, what they were doing, and the feelings they felt after the crisis of September 11. Hurricane Katrina was another event that reflected on crisis management and government reactions to a devastating storm. Both events warrant a discussion on their respective crisis events. Every year, my high school gives students off for student day at the State Fair. Like most of my friends, I spent this day sleeping in and vegging out in front of a television. I had gotten up around 8:30 and made myself breakfast. I was generally just bumming around the house. Suddenly the house phone rang, that wasn’t typical of any day I stayed home from school. I checked the caller identification and found that my mom’s work number was calling on the other end, so I answered the call. My mom asked me if I had turned on the television yet, and I told her no, that I had just gotten up and made breakfast. She told me not to watch television, she said she didn’t want me to get upset. Of course, like any fourteen year old, I was curious about what she was talking about. Naturally, my curiosity got the best of me. I turned on the television and really had no idea what I was looking at. I knew something tragic was happening, but the magnitude hadn’t really hit me. As a fourteen year old, I was like most things who are not impressed easily, but this event one was different, especially since my mom called me. The guy I was hoping to date at the time called the house as well, and we chatt. . manage those who were long-term residents, students, businessmen, government officials, or tourists. Additionally, there were many countries, 151 to be exact, who tried to send financial support for the United States government. Those countries ultimately became frustrated because we were unable to properly accept and allocate those funds. Coping with crisis and retaining relations with other countries was an embarrassment, and one issue we should solve immediately (Faraznand, 2007). Reflection on crises in our homeland is important for preparation and crisis management. In order to be a stronger, more prepared nation, we must learn from our past experiences and implement positive change. September 11, 2001 and Hurricane Katrina are two prime examples of crises that can inflict change in the way our government handles before, during, and aftermath of terror.

Planning and manage effective communication - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: 1. Identify the publics in the BP and Queensland floods case studies? 2. Identify the publics in the BP and Queensland floods case studies? 3. Segment and Prioritise identify the Publics? 4. What different approaches were adopted by the leaders in the two cases? 5. Define corporate image. How does it differ from corporate reputation? Answer: Answer 1 The two different events, that is, BP and Queensland flood were both noteworthy. Both the events have led to huge destruction to the resources and lives of the people. In the year 2012, British Petroleum deepwater horizon oil rig tremendously exploded and killed around eleven people. In between December 2010 and January 2011, about three quarters of the state was being declared as a disaster prone area due to devastating floods. More than thirty five people were lost and the BP explosion and oil spill was the accountability of corporation as well as its contractors. On the other hand, the Queensland flood was being regarded as an act of God. Therefore, nobody was held responsible for the disaster. This whole incident brought into notice the higher management of BP as well as the government officials. However, the public in the BP disaster were the contractors, customers, stakeholders of British Petroleum, employees, dead employees and their family, USA government, congressmen, shipping lines, insurance companies, fisher folk, equity markets, oil industry, marine ecosystem and others who got affected by the tragic incident. The public of the Queensland disaster were the Theodore town, transport system, telecommunication, Brisbane city, mining industry, livestock, insurance and the banking industry, emergency response teams, government machinery, fishing communities and others who got affected by flood (Grunig 2013). Answer 2 The publics of the disaster can be segmented and prioritized by keeping into consideration the extent of the damages as well as the responsibilities and initiatives taken by the company. Management team has taken into consideration the discharge of the methane gas and has utilized this particular technique of clearing the menace with toxic dispersant. Moreover, the publics were being linked with the harmful effects of dispersed toxic, which caused harmful effects to the locals as well as in the nearby population. People of those areas suffered from chest pain, headaches, vomiting, damage in the internal organs and more. The department of health released various reports on severe issues which can be considered as the top priority. Queensland floods causing huge damage did not have the same level concern as it was considered to be the act of God. The whole strategy was being employed and it diverted the population, even the regulatory and the oversight approvals of the leadership were in control (Guth and Marsh 2016). Both the tragic incidents cause huge inconvenience to the external as well as internal publics. To prioritize each of the segments, which were being affected by the British Petroleum incident, were considered to be the internal part of the company and the external periphery included the deceased employees, their family members who were dependent on them, frontline employees, the fishing community, financial institutes, administration officials, ecosystem at which the incident took place, media, top project management teams, business associates, local as well as federal government, stakeholders, action groups, customers, general public and the coastline which was affected (Dozier, Grunig and Grunig 2013). The Queensland flood was regarded as an act of God or nature. The government officials could have ensured timely operations and executed some plans in order to combat with the disaster. The inhabitants were affected, infrastructures got damaged, farming community and local markets go t destroyed. The top priority was to provide the impacted citizens with accommodation, medical assistance and foods (Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg 2012). Answer 3 A transformational leader is known for the qualities that he/she possesses and the way he/she motivates and encourages his/her team members to work better. This is considered to be one of the most important things as this helps the leader to move forward. Furthermore, the team members trust also helps the leader to proceed with his responsibilities. If any adverse situation occurs, be it natural disaster or a man made one, a leader must always know how to deal with it and compose a strategic management. A leader must know how to deal with a crisis moment (Hendrix, Hayes and Kumar 2012). The British Petroleums leader Hayward used this specific approach. The inappropriate behavioral approach at the crisis time. He commented in front of the media that he wants his life back. The stakeholders were also not addressed. This caused severe damage to the companys reputation. The public relation theory and practice stresses on the need for communication at emergency situations. Some kinds of unplanned approaches were used like blame game, avoiding questions and apology. The leader did not even take up the whole responsibility which led to such a crisis and instead tried to detach him-self from the entire situation. The Queensland Premier Anna Bligh utilized a specific approach for the crisis situation. The government officials showed low risk-taking behaviors. The whole alleviation work was being executed with an ineffective approach. In addition to this, the climate conditions were not supportive. Improper infrastructure. Unstructured methods were being adopted, which worsened the situation. In both the cases, such inappropriate approaches were adopted, which led to further destruction of reputation. Answer 4 The corporate image is considered to be a mental picture, which is created about a company. It is dependent on the overall insight an individual is having regarding the organization. Corporate reputation is regarded as the public picture, which defines the companys abilities, qualities and disabilities. However, the corporate image of a particular organization may be good but the overall reputation can be bad within its publics. As far as the public relations management is concerned, the companies can use conscious methods of utilizing the mass media as well as social media, in order to maintain their corporate image. However, with the inception of digital media, any company can use the platform for maintaining or creating a good corporate image as these initiatives helps in building a corporate reputation (Smith 2013). Companies build a corporate image and manage it, in order to create a good impression in the minds of the consumers. This helps in maintaining and creating an association between those particular companies as well its customers. The customers expectation and satisfaction is directly proportional to the companys goodwill. A positive image and corporate sales may take some time to be produced. However, the corporate reputation can get easily affected as it is very fragile in nature. Some examples are; any act which is not in compliance with the reputation and image are the health hazardous chemicals being used in the eatable products or items like the magi rumors (Cutlip 2013). However, the corporate reputation can be regarded as the collective ideas which the public hold regarding that particular company. Corporate image, on the other hand are collective visuals, emotional as well as cognitive associations, which the public hold regarding a particular company. The corporate reputation is considered as an idea which covers the views of the employees, customers, partners, regulators and communities regarding the business. This extends far beyond to how the customers are going to take the brand and choose it from the shelf. For instance; the reputation of the company can impact the financial stability and the capital costs. It also impacts the ability of attracting the partners. Corporate image, on the other hand, is more focused on the marketing factors like; brand recognition, feelings associated with the customers experiences and others (Kunczik 2016). Answer 5 The explosion at the deep water was considered as a segregation of all the mistakes that has been done before the occurrence of the fatal incident. However, the Public Relations personnel could have easily handled the entire situation. It could be handled in much better way and everyone should have been more cautious about the particular information which was made available in the media and others. The warnings which were been given to them was overheard by the people. The blame game was shamelessly being played and the management did not take the issue seriously. The main motive of the company was to make profits and cut excessive costs. The management team completely overlooked and overheard the prediction of the explosion (Stacks 2016). They did not even take necessary precautionary measures beforehand. Being the Chief Executive Officer of the British Petroleum, I would have taken several proactive measures in order to combat a crisis situation like this. I would have been more attentive as well as vigilant regarding the information that was flowing out of the organization. I would have taken proper care of the companys internal as well as external publics, rather than hiding and concealing facts. It is my responsibility to inform the companys employees, administration and stakeholders regarding the issues. I would have also informed the rescue team and the media in order to save the companys reputation. In addition to this, I would have made sure that the media announcements were compassionate as well as apologizing, instead of being arrogant or misleading. Moreover, the cultural nuances could have been easily taken care in a more responsible way. I would have taken care of the whole management team in a sensible way, in order to deal with the sensitive issue. It is my responsible to be more cautious in such a situation, so that it does not mar the companys image further. If more initiatives were taken earlier, then such an incident would not have taken place. In such crisis situations, it is immensely necessary to have a trustworthy and a vigilant team, in order to be more prepared and equipped for dealing with such emergencies (Culbertson and Chen 2013). Companies should never try to hide or conceal any information from the media and rather they should open up and bring out the reality. It is important to come up as warriors instead of running away from crisis moments (Olasky 2013 ). Case study There is hardly any important difference between the corporate image and the corporate reputation. The corporate image is more like a cognitive image which an individual draws about a particular company or say, organization. It is done on the basis of the available information, which he/she has managed to gather from the public. On the other hand, the corporate reputation is more about a companys qualities as well as abilities. As far as the public relations personnel of a company is concerned, the conscious efforts of using the mass media as well as social media is highly regarded as an important step of maintaining a good corporate image. The overall summation of these built images can be referred to as the corporate reputation (Hinson 2012). Therefore, there is a very thin line of difference between both the terms. In modern days, social media acts as a powerful tool for presenting a positive image of the company. With the help of these images, the organization can form a healthy perception of the public. Non paid exercises are more utilized for publicizing regarding a company. This includes press releases, video clips which are uploaded at the free portals like Facebook, YouTube and others. Adoption of such methods help in increasing the publicity of a companys events and the returns are huge. The corporate reputation is being considered as a congregation of the images which are being created by the organization (Wilcox et al. 2013). The corporate reputation is generally a play of those corporate images. If the images are being put together in more interesting manner, it will appear attractive and if anything goes wrong, the entire thing will spoil the business. The interpersonal relationships, corporate identity as well as business communications must be taken care in a proper manner. Any wrong step can damage the whole companys reputation. This is also referred as the pragmatic operational model. Taking the British Petroleums case into consideration, the publicity run made them lose their image and reputation, which was built after years of consistent services. The British Petroleum, BP had a good image, which was recreated in the minds of the public. It may take some years for the company to bring back its age old reputation. It is true that a company may have to struggle for years in order to build brand recognition among the consumers, but one simple mistake can ruin everything (Kent 2013). The Odwalla Foods Company of Washington State had the worst nightmare when the state was being linked with an e-coli outbreak to the companys unpasteurized apple juice. The whole incident caught immediate media attention and the overall outcome was bad. The companys Chief Executive Officer, Stephen Williamson promised to pay the compensation and medical costs for the affected ones. The company spent the next few months by building a good reputation and image. It focused on several methods like advertising, organizing press conferences, giving advertisements and others. However, all the initiatives went in vein, due to less effective public relations management (Rice and Atkin 2012). The Odwalla Foods Company lost the battle against the claims, which resulted in huge losses. Eventually, the company was overtaken by the Coca Cola Food Company, which bought Odwalla for 186 million dollars in the year 2001. The corporate image has depleted to such an extent that it was difficult for the company to restore their reputation even after decades. However, it is evident from the above fact that the due to the stupidity of the company, it lost its brand image. It could have easily taken some steps in order to regain the consumers trust. No matter what the situation is, the companies should keep their public relations resources at place (Austin and Pinkleton 2015). The Odwalla Foods Company lost the battle due to its ineffective public relations personnel. It is important for any company, big or small, to have a public relations manager in order to deal with the crisis moments. The public relations manager needs to apologize publicly in front of the media, without hiding or concealing any facts. Hiding facts from the media can lead to more trouble for any company. Therefore, in order to gain trust, the public relations managers need to be truthful and honest. However, the Odwalla Foods Company could have taken a major step of presenting original reports in front of the media (Spicer 2013). The company could have worked with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and presented the reports, which were in favor of the company. This could have helped the company to a huge extent. The company could have easily conveyed that the entire matter was not real and fabricated. This would have helped the company to regain its trust back from the people and the media as well. The companys CEO could have been more sympathetic towards the deceased families. Sales did fall at that moment, but good and effective crisis management initiatives could have benefitted the company on the long run (Coombs and Holladay 2013). Conclusion A company builds its reputation and image after providing years of consistent services to its consumers. The public relations, corporate branding, corporate communications and others are considered to be the most important branches for any companys betterment or success. The concept is very fragile in nature and one blunder can ruin it anytime (Heath 2013). It takes years to build a companys reputation, but few wrong decisions can ruin it in less than a minute. The four Ps of production can easily get affected by the organizational, visual or corporate identity. Therefore, it is very important to handle these issues in order to keep the reputation and image of the company intact. Companies need to appoint public relations managers in order to deal with such tough situations and stand apart from others (Cutlip 2013). References Austin, E.W. and Pinkleton, B.E., 2015.Strategic public relations management: Planning and managing effective communication campaigns(Vol. 10). Routledge. Coombs, W.T. and Holladay, S.J., 2013.It's not just PR: Public relations in society. John Wiley Sons. Culbertson, H.M. and Chen, N., 2013.International public relations: A comparative analysis. Routledge. Cutlip, S.M., 2013.Public relations history: From the 17th to the 20th century: The antecedents. Routledge. Cutlip, S.M., 2013.The unseen power: Public relations: A history. Routledge. Dozier, D.M., Grunig, L.A. and Grunig, J.E., 2013.Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Grunig, J.E. ed., 2013.Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Guth, D.W. and Marsh, C., 2016.Public relations: A values-driven approach. Pearson. Heath, R.L. ed., 2013.Encyclopedia of public relations. Sage Publications. Hendrix, J.A., Hayes, D.C. and Kumar, P.D., 2012.Public relations cases. Cengage Learning. Hinson, M.D., 2012. Examining how social and emerging media have been used in public relations between 2006 and 2012: A longitudinal analysis.Public Relations Review. Kent, M.L., 2013. Using social media dialogically: Public relations role in reviving democracy.Public Relations Review,39(4), pp.337-345. Kunczik, M., 2016.Images of nations and international public relations. Routledge. Newsom, D., Turk, J. and Kruckeberg, D., 2012.Cengage Advantage Books: This is PR: The Realities of Public Relations. Cengage Learning. Olasky, M.N., 2013.Corporate public relations: A new historical perspective. Routledge. Rice, R.E. and Atkin, C.K. eds., 2012.Public communication campaigns. Sage. Smith, R.D., 2013.Strategic planning for public relations. Routledge. Spicer, C., 2013.Organizational public relations: A political perspective. Routledge. Stacks, D.W., 2016.Primer of public relations research. Guilford Publications. Wilcox, D.L., Cameron, G.T., Reber, B.H. and Shin, J.H., 2013.Think public relations. Pearson Higher Ed.