Mexican Drug War Mexico - 1306 Words

Kelsey McClenning Mrs. Blomme Honors 1 28 September 2014 Mexico Drug War According to the FBI, there are more than seventy five open cases of Americans that are kidnapped in Mexico. That is just one of the effects caused by what is called The Mexico Drug War. People are oblivious to what the outcome of drugs, in general, can do. Many have disappeared or been killed, firearm trade from the U.S. has gone up, and the supply of drugs in the U.S has increased. The Mexico Drug war started in December of 2006 and is still lingering about to this day. â€Å"From January 2000 through September 2006, the Mexican government arrested over 79,000 people on charges of drug trafficking† (Cook 4). As shown, Mexico has a very known past of dealing with drugs.†¦show more content†¦In the year of 2011, there was around 27,000 residents that underwent an invasion of Mexico’s most barbarous drug gang, the Zetas. In this invasion they destroyed the town, set fire or bulldozed through houses, and kidnapped the locals at gunpoint. It was no t until almost three years later that the government took serious action and went under full investigation (Tracing the Missing). â€Å"30-40 families from Allende, some with as many as 10 members were ‘exterminated’† (Tracing the Missing). This attack is believed to be the worst of the Mexico Drug War. All because drug trafficking has been highly restricted, innocent bystanders have to suffer along and be concerned about running into somebody dangerous who is involved in one of the drug cartels. In Mexico, there are seven major running drug cartels. Over the years, some cartels became smart and formed alliances with one another so they can continue their illegal businesses and have each others backs, so they say (Cook). Because of the restrictions on drugs in Mexico, there is now also a restriction on firearms. â€Å"There are approximated 67,000 licensed firearms dealers in the U.S. along the U.S.-Mexico border. There is only one legal firearms retailer in Mex ico† (Mexico Drug War Fast Facts). The sales of firearms sales in the U.S. are shooting out of the roof. The sales and number of firearms being illegally traded have greatly increased since this rebellion began.Show MoreRelatedMexican Drug War : The United States And Mexico1055 Words   |  5 Pagesthe United States and Mexico Created the â€Å"Mexican Drug War† analyzes Mexico’s modern history and how the country has seen a dramatic rise of drugs and consequently an increase in the number of people associated with drug cartels and also fighting between drug organizations resulting in bloodbaths all around Mexico. The Mexican government has declared a war on drugs, this period has seen the deaths of thousands of people that has put the country in a crisis state. Mexico s drug world has been greatlyRead MoreReasons Behind The War On Drugs1365 Words   |  6 Pagessignificant reasons behind the war on drugs between the Mexican government and the drug cartels in M exico and examine the impact of this conflict on Mexico and on US National Security. Drug Trafficking or any other illegal activity related to drug Cartels and gangs pose an imminent threat to the Mexican governance because of the corruption and the violence they generate. Illegal drugs affect not only Mexico but also the U.S in terms of trafficking and consumption. The Mexican government has always takenRead MoreThe Mexican President Felipe Calder989 Words   |  4 PagesName: Kevin Whitten Topic: Mexico s War on Drugs Purpose: Inform Organizational Plan: Topical Introduction Attention Getter: A bloody war has been raging on in North America for the last four years which has resulted in over 34,500 deaths as of December 2010, which was by far one of the most violent years so far with over 15,000 people killed. Speaker Purpose: Having been stationed in Fort Hood Texas for three years I often visited Mexico and being an addict in recovery, in some smallRead MoreThe Dark Side Of Mexico1283 Words   |  6 Pagesside of Mexico El Narco, a nonfiction book, describes the drug war in Mexico that has continued and intensified in the past couple of decades. Criminal activities of drug traffickers have resulted in instability of Mexican citizens. Some casualties in the past decade have been more than 34,000 due to the drug war. The drug war is still ongoing between numerous Mexican drug cartels and the Mexican government. Because of Mexican drug war between the Mexican government and drug cartelsRead MoreThe High Cost of Drugs972 Words   |  4 Pages Heres a look at what I believe more people need to know about the Mexican Drug War and Cartel. The Mexican drug cartels have been like a disease spreading like a wild fire all over Mexico over the years. The Mexican government has been fighting a war with drug traffickers for a long time. Also, drug cartels have been fighting with each other for control of territories in Mexico. Over 60,000 people have been killed from 2006 to 2012, according to Human Rights Watch. Many people have been robbedRead MoreU.s. Politics, Citizen Safety, And Economy1390 Words   |  6 Pageshas been involved in the war on drugs across the U.S. – Mexican border for almost a decade. While the United States has continued to be an active helper in assisting the Mexican government, the level of violence and gang-related deaths are still increasing at an alarming rate. So far, the majority of U.S. involvement has been in the way of money and physical enforcement; both Mexico and our border with them have become heavily militarized in the years since the â€Å"war on drugs† was launched. HoweverRead MoreThe United States Of America1419 Words   |  6 PagesThere a War Going on; but Who Fighting It? Within nine months of 2011 nearly 13,000 people were killed, not include the other 5,000 people reported missing accord to the National Human Rights Commission in Mexico, these incomprehensible numbers leave tens of thousands of children orphaned by the violence due to the drug war. With so many confirmed deaths, and disappearances, it may lead people to ask why the United States of America should get involved in the drug war going on in Mexico. To protectRead MoreThe Zetas vs. Sinaloa Cartel1419 Words   |  6 Pages Valdez May 29, 2013 Unit 11: Project Final Draft The War between the two major drug cartels in Mexico, Los Zetas and the Sinaloa Drug Cartel, has exploded to new extremes and is now affecting multiple countries. There are multiple cartels in Mexico who control certain sections of the country, but all have aligned with one or the other of the two Goliaths. This war started over the drug routes stemming from southern Mexico to the United States of America. The Sinaloa Cartel has controlledRead MoreMexico Current Issues: Drug War1197 Words   |  5 Pages War in the Cities Recently, Mexico has been facing a horrendous civil war. This internal conflict is coming from the country’s powerful drug leaders. This epic drug war was been taking place ever since these â€Å"cartels† relocated from the South American nation of Columbia to Mexico in the mid 1980s. since then , this bloody conflict has arose several issues in Mexico. Mexico’s new president, Felipe Calderon, just recently launched an all out military campaign against these drug lords inRead MoreMexican Drug Cartels: Problem of the Past or Indication of the Future?1688 Words   |  7 Pages The Mexican drug war began in the 1960s, with America’s love for illegal drugs fueling the fire. Narco-violence has claimed the lives of thousands of citizens in recent years. Drug cartels have become comparable to Mafia figures, and have resorted to Mafia-style violence to prove to the Mexican government that they remain in control. The violence caused by drug cartels is rumored to lead Mexico to become a failed state. George W. Grayson, regular lecturer at the United States Department of State

Poems Free Essays

English Coursework Compare how strong human emotion Is conveyed in three poems from Section C of the Anthology and three other poems you have studied. Poetry engages readers with different forms of emotion; these emotions can be conveyed through stylish and subtle use of extraordinary language, form, structure and context, all of which provide an additional dimension to the literature. Emotion Is defined as a â€Å"strong feeling† and this will be explored in the paired poems: ‘Having’ and ‘Remember’; ‘A Mother In A Refugee Camp’ and ‘Mother Any Distance’; ‘Sonnet 1 16’ and ‘If. We will write a custom essay sample on Poems or any similar topic only for you Order Now The key themes in these passages are the universal feelings which we all experience, such as love and resentment. The poems In each pair share similar subject matter and messages. Poetry Is a thought-provoking way to explore the challenges encountered throughout our lives. These are demonstrated by the look and shape of a poem, the sophisticated vocabulary and emotion which can be depicted. Looking at the poems, I will explore how emotion is displayed and communicated to the reader. A Mother In a Refugee Camp’ by China Achebe Is about the sadness of a mother who prepares o have her dear son take from her due to an unfortunate illness in the midst of a civil war refugee camp. The poem goes through four changing stages of emotion: reflection, sickness, pride and subsequently yet unfortunately ending in death. These emotions are universal experiences. Meaningful language Is used In the first line, â€Å"No Madonna and child could touch†, a religious reference used to descr ibe the epitome of a mother and son relationship. The poem vividly describes the horrors taking place in the civil war, in lines such as, â€Å"heavy odors of diarrhea† and unwashed children with washed-out ribs† which graphically depict the experiences of disgust, as Intense pathos Is created at the expense of the children. Strong language is used so the reader can detect the stench of the odors and conceptualize the unwashed ribs of the children, as they’re so desperate and in need of care. Huge pity Is Invoked In the reader as they can vividly picture what is happening In the camp. The â€Å"ghost-smile†, Is a false, fake smile displayed as the mother tries to behave with courage and strength at the most emotional time of her life, also provoking the reader as it did for me into feeling condolence and sympathy awards her. She is there in the present yet her mind is completely taken away from the camp Into reflecting upon memories. Comparatively ‘Mother Any Distance’ by Simon Remarriage is a more thought-provoking poem as it delves into the ordeal of a young man leaving home and breaking free from his mother. It is thought-provoking because it allows the reader to reflect on one’s own thoughts of this whether it is yet to come or a previous encounter. Loss and separation are two emotions felt In the paired poems but in contrasting contexts. ‘Mother Any Distance’ focuses more on restoration whilst ‘A Mother in a Refugee Camp’ on total heartbreak. ‘Mother Any Distance’ is written in free verse allowing flexibility in structure and vocabulary. Likewise, words invariably used to portray distance are used to create a sense of the loss that Is soon to take place, â€Å"acres†, â€Å"years† and â€Å"zero-end†, these Impact the reader leading them to understand that the distance between the mother and son in this 1 OFF created through such lines as â€Å"she soon would have to forget† and â€Å"other mothers there had long ceased to care†. However, in both poems there is a feeling of not being able to deny something that looms large. The repetition of the word ‘mother’ shows us the maternal love she feels and the inability to let go of her son as he moves into adulthood. Fantastic imagery is used such as the metaphors â€Å"Anchor†, safe foundations and â€Å"Kite†, this represents the process of flight. The â€Å"endless sky to fall or fly’, the son is preparing to fly, to leave safety, knowing not what lies ahead. In ‘Mother Any Distance’ the stanza size seems to increase as the distance between them grows. As in ‘A Mother in a Refugee Camp’ the mothers are devoted until the end. I feel that ‘Mother Any Distance’ captivates me more as it has made me think owe my own experience will be and also because this is a more universal event. By contrast, ‘A Mother in a Refugee Camp’ is something that many cannot relate to or cannot understand the pain and agony. Carol Ann Duffy ‘Having’ focuses on the emotions of loss and separation. Having or Miss Having as she is known in Charles Dickens’ ‘Great Expectations’ is an elderly character who in her younger life was left at the altar and continues to obsess over this. The selection to not include the Miss at the start of her name is unknown; I feel that it may be due to her coming creature-like and Duffy wishing to focus on her as person and not Just a spinster. Duffy self-consciously transforms this novel character from being depressed in ‘Great Expectations’ to a more aggressive angry character in the poem ‘Having’. An interesting and controversial alliterative ‘B’ oxymoron â€Å"Beloved sweetheart bastard. † is used in line one. This shows that possibly Having still has thoughts of love towards her ex-fiance ©e but still holds a grudge long after their parting. Duffy uses vivid colors as symbols, starting in line three, â€Å"dark green pebbles for eyes† Rene representing the emotion of envy, with her sinister thoughts. Also, â€Å"pebbles† demonstrate that her feelings are unhealthy as she wishes such hatred to another human being. From line three, this turns out to be a continuous theme throughout the rest of the poem. At the end of the poem, emphasis is used with â€Å"the heart that b-b-b-breaks. † Having is hiding from the outside world as she is old and trembling whilst she reflects on her younger years. The poem is written in free verse, allowing a flow through freedom of a variety of words and sentence structures as there are no constraints as in a sonnet. The stanzas are broken down into lines of four, called a quatrain; the stanzas go through four stages of emotion; hatred, horror, reflection and further hatred, finishing the way it started, returning to the emotion of hatred. ‘Remember’ by Christiana Rosettes is written in first person as is ‘Having’ thus the reader has a sense of a relationship with the protagonists in the poem, creating more pathos. Rosettes was bought up in the times of the Pre-Raphael movement, possibly explaining why her poems were controversial with formerly inaudible religious references such as â€Å"Pray’. In these paired poems protagonists are similar in hat they are soul-destroyed and are both going through or reminiscing on emotional break downs. Repetition of the personal pronouns â€Å"me†, â€Å"you†, â€Å"our† and â€Å"l† highlight the intimacy of the personal relationship and highlight loss between two people, also affecting the way we interpret the poem as it could be about anyone. Having’ in its regular verses of four is much unlike ‘Remember’ with a solid block of emotional her. â€Å"Remember me when I am gone away’, a very melancholy line stating how sad she is and that soon she will be departing, setting the tone and atmosphere for the rest of the poem. Gone far away into the silent land† says that where she is going wil l not be dreadful, she can be calm and relaxed here but â€Å"far away’; she will not be able to return. However, this could be viewed as a euphemism for death and like Hafnium’s â€Å"beloved sweetheart bastard† create an oxymoron feel. Remember’ is a sonnet (a 14 lined poem), self-contradictory in its paradoxical form in which the feel of the poem changes two lines from its conclusion from a demanding command at the start of each quatrain â€Å"remember me† to â€Å"better by far you should forget and smile† a happier and quite nostalgic quote. It follows the rhyme pattern, ABA and iambic pentameter, which are regular patterns; this gives the poem a flow and beat. Along with the precise use of punctuation, used in the middle of lines on clause emphasis, called a caesura, often incorporated to emphasis a point, â€Å"Nor I half turn to go, yet turning stay. Compared to Having which follows no rhyme scheme, this is due to the constant use of enjambment. The emotions conveyed in ‘Having’ and ‘Remember’ are those of confusion and love. ‘Sonnet 116’ by William Shakespeare was published in 1609 in the form of a Shakespearean sonnet. The focal point is the emotion of love which is defined as â€Å"a strong feeling of affection†, which in Shakespearean times perhaps had more meaning and more importance. Love is prominent throughout the poem through the use of poetic devices and fanciful language in the metaphors, â€Å"the star to every wandering bark† and â€Å"an ever-fixed mark’, in an attempt to define the indefinable love. Shakespeare is trying to declare to us that love can’t be altered by any means â€Å"love alters not with his brief hours and weeks. † Love is eternal, â€Å"bears it out even to the edge of doom†. To summaries what Shakespeare is attempting to say Where there is life there is love’. The poem has a rhetorical theme of love and what it is, which can be interpreted in many different ways. Comparably love, like the poem, has no real end or conclusion. After all, love is a philosophical perception. Rudyard Kipling ‘If like ‘1 16’ explores the conflicting emotions of love and pride. ‘If is a didactic poem, meaning to give instruction. ‘If serves as an instruction in this case to an exceptional leader, illustrating the actions a man should take throughout life, such as never giving up, â€Å"If you can wait and not be tired by waiting†. The creative use of an exclamation mark, manfully be a man, my son! † captivates the reader’s attention and adds sudden enthusiasm to a rather serious poem. Writing to children, the rhyme scheme ABA assists coherence and comprehension. The paired poems are written in iambic pentameter, offering a regular pattern which also adds a ironically and infatuating quality to the poem. ‘If’ is written in four stanzas of eight rhyming lines, in its order of ABA, whilst ‘1 16’ is split into three quatrains and a couplet. The structure of the paired poems emphasizes the emotions depicted. The rhyme scheme in ‘If gives a sincere yet uplifting feel whilst ‘1 16’ is more sophisticated. How to cite Poems, Papers

Nutrients In Food Essay Example For Students

Nutrients In Food Essay This experiment has to do with foods and their nutrients. We are finding out howmuch nutrients these 6 specific foods have and dont have: cheese, hotdogs, eggyolk, egg white and potato. We are testing them for starch, sugar, fat andprotein. For my hypothesis I will start with starch. I think that cheese wouldnot have that much starch in it for the reason of this cheese is a dairy it ismade out of milk. Hotdogs dont have starch because it is a meat and meat doesnot have starch in it. My next food is egg yolk. Egg yolk is also a dairy sojust like cheese it is made out of milk also so egg yolk does not have starcheither. Egg white is a dairy too so it too has no starch. The only food that hasstarch in it is potato. The reason for this is because it is a acid and it growsin the ground. Next is sugar. I would have to say that I think sugar would be incheese, hotdogs, egg yolk and egg white. But I dont think it would be in potatoagain because they are grown in the ground. My next hypothesi s is on fats. Ithink hotdogs and cheese have fats in them but I think egg white and egg yolkand potatos dont have fats. Next is proteins. Proteins are very common infoods so I think all of the foods we will test has proteins. MATERIALS Safetygoggles Hotdogs Cheese Egg yolk Egg white Potato Benedicts solution hot platelarge beaker 5 test tubes test tube holder test tube rack crucible Lugolsiodine paper bag Biuret reagent EXPERIMENT: We started with testing starch. Wetook a test tube and put one piece of hotdog in it. I put in drop of Lugolsiodine in it and waited for it to change colors. The drop will turn black ifstarch is present. The drop showed that the hotdog has no starch in it. Next wetook a piece of cheese. We put one drop of iodine in it and it showed thatcheese also does not have starch in it. After that we took a piece of egg yolkand put it in a test tube and put one drop of iodine as we did with the otherfoods. That showed us that egg yolk does not have starch in it eithe r. Next wetested for egg white. We again put one drop of iodine the test tube. That showedus that egg white does not have starch in it either so every food we have testedso far has not had starch in it. We had one more food to test and that waspotato. We put in drop of iodine in it and it showed that the potato has starchin it. Next we tested for fats. We took a brown paper towel and placed a pieceof hotdog and rubbed them together. Then we held the paper towel up to thelight. It showed that hotdogs do have fat in them. Next we took a piece of eggyolk and rubbed it to the paper towel. The paper towel showed that egg yolk doeshave fats in it. After that we tested cheese . We rubbed it on the paper toweland it showed that cheese does not have fat in it. After we tested for cheese wetook a piece of egg white and again rubbed it to the paper towel and that showedthat egg white does have fats in it. The last thing we tested is potato. Werubbed it to a paper towel and that showed that pot ato does have fat in it. .u97c13aa5a31d24b8644b684f0e7108fe , .u97c13aa5a31d24b8644b684f0e7108fe .postImageUrl , .u97c13aa5a31d24b8644b684f0e7108fe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u97c13aa5a31d24b8644b684f0e7108fe , .u97c13aa5a31d24b8644b684f0e7108fe:hover , .u97c13aa5a31d24b8644b684f0e7108fe:visited , .u97c13aa5a31d24b8644b684f0e7108fe:active { border:0!important; } .u97c13aa5a31d24b8644b684f0e7108fe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u97c13aa5a31d24b8644b684f0e7108fe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u97c13aa5a31d24b8644b684f0e7108fe:active , .u97c13aa5a31d24b8644b684f0e7108fe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u97c13aa5a31d24b8644b684f0e7108fe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u97c13aa5a31d24b8644b684f0e7108fe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u97c13aa5a31d24b8644b684f0e7108fe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u97c13aa5a31d24b8644b684f0e7108fe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u97c13aa5a31d24b8644b684f0e7108fe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u97c13aa5a31d24b8644b684f0e7108fe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u97c13aa5a31d24b8644b684f0e7108fe .u97c13aa5a31d24b8644b684f0e7108fe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u97c13aa5a31d24b8644b684f0e7108fe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Symbolism of Religion and Comparison Argumentative Essay We will write a custom essay on Nutrients In Food specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now After we tested for fats we tested for sugar. We took a test tube and put in apiece of hotdog in it. Next we put 10 drops of Benedicts solution in it. Afterthat we put it in boiling water for 2 minutes. After 2 minutes the solutionshowed that hotdogs do have sugar in it. After we tested hotdogs we took a pieceof cheese and put 10 drops Benedicts solution in it and boiled it for 2minutes. The solution showed that cheese has sugar in it. Next we tested eggwhite and again put the same solution in it and boiled it for 2 minutes and thatshowed that egg white does not have sugar in it. Next we did the same thing foregg yolk. The solution showed that egg yolk also does not have sugar in it. Nextwe tested for potato. We again used Benedicts solution and boiled it for 2minutes and the solution showed that potato does have sugar in it. The lastthing we tested for was proteins. For testing proteins we put a piece of hotdogin a test tube and put 2 drops of Biuret reagent in it. That showed us th athotdogs have proteins in them. The solution turned blue. Next we tested cheese. We again put Biuret reagent in the test tube and that showed that cheese doesalso have proteins in them. The solution turned purple. After that we tested eggwhite. We did the same thing as the other 2 foods and the solution told us thategg white does have proteins. The solution turned purple also. Next we testedegg yolk. The solution turned light purple so that would mean it has a littlebit of proteins. The last food we tested was potato we again used Biuret reagentand that showed us that potatos do have proteins. The solution turned purple. CONCLUSION: After we did the experiment we made a graph telling all the results. For my hypothesis I got have of it right. For starches the experiment showedthat cheese, hotdogs, egg yolk and egg white do not have starch in them, as Ipredicted. The only food that had sugar in it is potato. The foods that havesugar in them are hotdogs, egg yolk and potato. Egg white and cheese do not havesugar in them. I didnt do so hot on that hypothesis. I thought cheese wouldhave sugar in them, I also thought egg white would but it doesnt. Next is fats. Out experiment showed that hotdogs, egg yolk, potato and egg white all have fatin them. The only food that didnt was cheese. I was right about the hotdoghaving fat in them but I was wrong about cheese, egg yolk , egg white andpotato, they all have fat except for cheese. After fatss there are proteins. Ipredicted that all the foods would have protein and I was right. Our experimentshowed that every food we tested had proteins in them.

Major Themes of the Quran

Introduction Various people have written about the Quran seeking to find out what it says about God. The Qur’an is an important book to the Muslim society. It provides guidance and directions about God or rather Allah according to Muslims. Muslims believe that the Quran speaks for itself.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Major Themes of the Qur’an specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Various interpretations that have been advanced by different people serve to join the ideas together. Therefore, the Qur’an is a book that contains God’s message to man. The paper delineates on Rahman’s book ‘Major Themes of the Qur’an seeking to explain the relationship between people and God, as well as the main principles that God expects from people. Relationship between people and God according to Rahman’s book â€Å"Major Themes of the Quran† Qur’an is a b ook that is aimed at communicating spiritual information to man. According to Rahman, the relationship between God and man is special and one that is above any other thing that God created. God is the creator of the universe and its composition that includes man to whom he provides guidance. In fact, Rahman says, â€Å"He is Creator and Sustainer of the universe and of man† (1). Accordingly, He will judge man both on individual and collective basis. Everything that goes in the mind of man is known to God because He is the maker and source of life to man. This is captured in the quote, â€Å"We created man and we know the negative whisperings of his mind are and we are near to him than his jugular vein† (Rahman 2). This shows that man is indeed close to God in terms of appearance and likeness. He is the only one who understands what is going to happen to man. God is a merciful God. His judgment to man is based on mercy after man having fallen short of His glory. God hav ing created man in His own image explains the reason behind His mercy. The relationship therefore between God and man is that of a master and a servant. Man is required to serve God besides being obedient to Him because He is the one who created him. â€Å"Qur’an is man and his behavior, not God’s’ (Rahman 2). Therefore, the relationship that exists between God and man is centered on judgment, either as individual, collective, or social existence. Qur’an is centered on the behavior of man, as it seeks to highlight the conducts of man and the need for man to respect and obey the teachings of God. Man has a duty to seek God to be able to find Him and know him. Man has this duty and should he be unable to find or seek God, he cannot find his grace and love. â€Å"If you cannot find God you will never prove him†, â€Å"the only straight path leads to God† (Rahman 2).Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, the relationship between God and man is based on seeking and finding. Man has needs/problems. To find a solution to the challenges, he is mandated to seek God’s indulgence. Rahman argues that God is infinite. He cannot be equated to any other thing that He created. Everything that is on earth is going to vanish except God. Human beings or rather man is one of God’s creations that will be taken away when the last day comes. â€Å"Everything thereon is vanishing†¦remaining only the Face of Your Lord† (Rahman 3). Therefore, man has the duty to continue serving Him to enter God’s kingdom. Those who discern Him or run away from Him will face His wrath. â€Å"Do not be like those who forgot God and [eventually] God caused them to forget themselves† (Rahman 3). According to Rahman, the purpose of man is to â€Å"serve God† (6). God has entrusted man with knowled ge and potentialities to use the armor of God and the nature that God has created him to serve Him. Man has the discretion to use the knowledge and everything that God has created in the universe to do according to His will. Man has the freedom of doing either good or bad. The decision is dependent on man’s choice that God has given him. God communicates with man through various messages that He sends to help in his judgment and choice of doing either good or bad. The relationship between God and man is based on faith in God. Man is required to have faith in God and besides abiding by His words. Therefore, those who deny the existence of God such as the materialistic atheists who do not believe in God have their places when God comes back to judge their deeds. The relationship of God and man comes into reality because God provides unity and value to man. God and man are friends. In fact, Rahman says, â€Å"God, then, becomes the friend of and cooperates with a person who has ‘discovered Him† (8). This friendship is only established when man seeks or finds God. When man searches for God and finds Him, they two form a positive/mutual relationship. Man can therefore find shelter and a home in God. He can therefore seek assistance from God. According to Rahman, God will not judge people based on all the lapses that they committed. However, He is gong to judge them based on their overall performance. If their performance is good, the other lapses that human beings or man has committed shall not be factored in during the judgment day. The Quran, as Rahman reveals, has various scriptures that â€Å"indicate that God will pardon or overlook men’s lapses provided the overall performance is good and beneficial† (21). This shows that the relationship of God and man is indeed not bad but one that is formed based on sympathy and mercy. This is also demonstrated in the quote â€Å"God does not require from any person what is beyond his or her power† (Rahman 21). God will only judge individuals based on their scope of knowledge and power.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Major Themes of the Qur’an specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Main principles that God is expecting from people according to Rahman’s book According to Rahman book, God expects man to follow and do according to His will. God has given man wisdom and knowledge. He has given him the mandate to rule over other creations in the universe. However, God expects man to serve Him by always doing well according to His will. Those people or human beings who go against the will of God are expected to face harsh treatment or punishment. This is quoted in the book, â€Å"for his real nature is to be exalted† (Rahman 15). Man has to struggle through thick and thin to find the path of life. God has done this intentionally and out of His mercy to ensure that Man do es not suffer or go into hell. Furthermore, God requires people to trust and believe in Him. He is the alpha and omega. Therefore, people should not go in their own ways. Any person who removes God in His/her conscience removes the purpose and the meaning of his/her life. He/she is classified as an unrighteous person. God expects man to follow His own nature as opposed to other creatures, which must follow their nature automatically. God has given man the privilege to choose from what is good and bad. There are many vicissitudes in the life of human beings. Therefore, man should be very careful to avoid falling away from God. God expects people to follow His commandants. When God created Adam and breathed in him life, He expected him to abide by the laws and the rules that he was given by God. However, he went against the will of God to commit sin. Rahman says, â€Å"they are contented to live their lives from day to day, indeed from hour to hour, â€Å"they are like cattle, indee d, worse† (14). God also expects people to respect and uphold the principle of equality. All human beings are equal before God. Therefore, they should respect one another. People should not be proud even after God uplifts them. People need to respect their fellow human beings. This is even agitated by the Quran, â€Å"the reason the Quran emphasizes essential human equality†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Rahman 31). Furthermore, God expects people to respect His commands because He is the creator of all the living things, people inclusive. God has created every living and nonliving thing with measure. Therefore, people need to abide by God and respect His commandments. â€Å"We have created everything with a measure†¦if things should break their laws and violate their measure; there would be not an ordered universe, but chaos† (Rahman 46). Rahman also asserts that men are selfish, pride, and narrow-minded, as they worship their gods instead of worshipping God who created them. Th ey run away from the truth by opting to shortcuts where they engage in activities or actions that are against the will of God. God however expects people to come near Him to know Him better besides worshipping Him to be set free. People get involved in falsehood. According to Rahman, men â€Å"†¦worship of false gods, the holy seems unholy, and vice versa† (Rahman 74).Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More God expects people to have fear of His name. The fear of God in literal sense means that people need to respect and recognize the existence of a supernatural being who is beyond them and one who requires honor and praise. God is the one who formed the universe and created man. Therefore, He has the mandate to command everything under the universe because it is through His name and powers that all the things under the universe came into being. Rahman refers it as the â€Å"fear of God, and piety† (Rahman 18). Muslims are discarding these words because they take the meaning of the words literary. Every person has the freedom to interpret the words in his/her own way. Hence, men have the right to interpret the words the way they wish. However, the words mean honoring and recognizing God as the only one requiring their praise and fear Conclusion Through his book, ‘Major Themes of the Qur’an’, Rahman has managed to simplify the meaning of the Qur’an. He has interpolated the relationship that exists between God and people. Besides, he has gone further to portray some of the principles that God requires people to uphold. Thus, the book is interesting and a must-read based on the way it provides a limelight of what Qur’an entails. Works Cited Rahman, Fazlur. Major themes of Quran. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2009. Print. This research paper on Major Themes of the Qur’an was written and submitted by user Sharon Kaufman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

WHORE essays

WHORE essays Don-Ray WHORE December 7, 2000 Prostitution, a practice in which a person, typically a woman, becomes sexually available to another for a price is the premise of the movie Whore, in which a single mother of one turns to prostitution in order to earn some extra money (McCaghy, p.391). In the movie Whore, the main character Liz is the product of unfortunate circumstances and lack of opportunities, in which she had limited economic opportunities because of her social class and specific personal crises stemming from under or unemployment, alcohol use and so on (McCaghy, p.400). She turns to prostitution only after coming to the conclusion there is nothing more she can do. In the movie Whore, Lizs first experience with prostitution occurred at her dead-end waitress job when a customer asked for sexual favors in exchange for money. The money ended up being too tempting for her to resist, so she agreed, and at that point Liz became a prostitute. Prostitution was only a side job at first, but with the death of her mother and the placement of her child in foster care, Liz hired a Pimp and began prostituting full time. The money Liz was earning from prostituting now was going directly to her pimp, all 100% of it. This is not an uncommon practice in the arena of prostitution, for it is the pimp who purchases her clothes, helps her out with money, pays for her doctor bills, arranges for bail and a lawyer when she gets arrested, and most importantly provides her with affection and attention that she really desires (McCaghy, 401). Soon after acquiring a pimp, Liz realizes he has been far too dominating and treated her as his slave. Although her pimp was dominating her life, he was always there to protect her from vicious customers, as was the scene in the movie when her pimp came out of nowhere to rescue her from being attacked. Nonetheless, the power of the pimp was too much. Liz began avoidin ...

ACT Test Dates 2018-2019

ACT Test Dates 2018-2019 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips At PrepScholar, we constantly review the best data to inform you about future test dates. If you know the future registration dates and test schedule, you can create your study plan and stay organized, allowing you to lessen your stress and reach your target score. In this article, I’ll give you the the ACT test dates for 2018-2019 and explain the factors to think about when choosing your test date. ACT Test Dates for 2018-2019 Here are the anticipated test dates, registration deadlines, and score release dates for 2018-2019. The test dates are confirmed by ACT, Inc., the others are our projections based on historical data. Test Date Deadline Late Deadline Score Release* Sept 8, 2018 Aug 3, 2018 Aug 17, 2018 Sept 18; Oct 2, 2018 Oct 27, 2018 Sept 21, 2018 Oct 5, 2018 Nov 6; Nov 20, 2018 Dec 8, 2018 Nov 2, 2018 Nov 16, 2018 Dec 18, 2018; Jan 1, 2019 Feb 9, 2019 Jan 4, 2019 Jan 18, 2019 Feb 19; Mar 5, 2019 Apr 13, 2019 Mar 8, 2019 Mar 22, 2019 Apr 23; May 7, 2019 June 8, 2019 May 3, 2019 May 17, 2019 June 18; July 2, 2019 July 13, 2019 June 14, 2019 June 21, 2019 July 23; Aug 6, 2019 *= Refers to online score release. The first date is when multiple choice scores come out, and the second one is when complete scores are available. How Accurate Is the Table Above? All of the dates are projected and subject to change. The final schedule will be released within roughly a year of the test dates. However, based on previous years’ dates, this schedule should be close to accurate. The score release dates are the least precise, but they should be within a week of the projected dates. Keep in mind that there's some inconsistency when multiple choice scores come out and not everyone receives them at the same time. How to Choose Your Test Date These are some of the major factors to consider when selecting your ACT test date: Know Your Deadlines! Take the ACT before your earliest college application deadlines. If you apply regular decision, the December test in your senior year will be the last test you can take for most colleges. If you apply early, the last test you can take may be in October or November of your senior year. Also, if you're hoping to get any scholarships that consider your ACT score, you’ll need to have your test score before the scholarship deadlines. How Many Times Do You Want to Take the ACT? Because most students increase their scores when they retake the ACT, you should give yourself an opportunity to take the test multiple times. Generally, we suggest first taking the ACT in the fall of your junior year. Then you can retake it in the spring of your junior year and the fall of your senior year if necessary. How Long Do You Plan to Study? When selecting your test date, figure out how long you’ll need to study and ensure you’ll be able to sufficiently prepare before you take the test. If you take both the September and October tests without doing any studying in between, your score probably won’t improve much. Do You Have Conflicts With Any Test Dates? Check to see if you have any potential conflicts on or around any of the ACT test dates. Maybe the February date is on the same day as your orchestra concert. Or perhaps you want to avoid the June test date because you’ll be focused on your finals. Even if it's challenging to find a time when you can fully dedicate yourself to the ACT, you should try to pick the best test dates for you. What's Next? Still not sure when you should take the ACT? Find out if you should pick the next available date. Even if you know when you want to take the ACT, learn more about where you should take it. Finally, read about our tips for signing up for the ACT. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Human Resource Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Human Resource Management - Term Paper Example The supermarket has been able to divide all its stores into five major segments depending on the location and demands of the customers. These segments are Superstores, metros, express hyper, additional home plus and anything else can be found under one roof. The express hyper shops are small in size and are located in the neighborhoods to offer food stuffs and they normally have high margins due to the small sizes of the shops while the metros are usually located at the city center. At the international level, these stores are found in the United Kingdom, Ireland, South Korea, Poland, Kenya, France, China and Hungary. Their major competitors include You deserve the best, Between us, The place to be and Amongst us supermarkets (Armstrong, 2003). The supermarket has a corporate strategy which helps it appeal to all segments of the market that is the up market, middle age and the low market range. The strategy for You n Us supermarket has been its ability to include the finest brands, middle and low priced products so as to meet all the demands and expectations of the customers. Since 2001, the supermarket has been able to market itself using the phrase â€Å"Home for Your Value† slogan to describe its principles, mission and core values both locally and internationally. It has also been able to advertise both locally and internationally using the slogan â€Å"you need it, we have it†. Most of its advertisement is done in major billboards along major highways, electronic media and the print media. In the television advertisements, they have been able to engage the services of major actors and actresses such as Look Brooke, James Upright and Young Heart (Armstrong, 2003). The supermarket is committed to corporate social responsibility by offering some of its pre-tax profits to charitable organizations, schools and community based activities. It has started a computer school for the disadvantaged in the

Analysis essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Analysis - Essay Example This environment exposes him to the knowledge of the scientists living within it. For example, Victor gains his knowledge of natural philosophy, â€Å"I chanced to find a volume of the works of Cornelius Agrippa. I opened it with apathy; the theory which he attempts to demonstrate and the wonderful facts which he relates soon changed this feeling into enthusiasm† (36).   Victor becomes fascinated by natural philosophy as described by the author, and thus desires to experiment with what the author says. This eventually leads Victor to create The Monster, causing Victor to have a miserable life. Also, because Victor believes that the knowledge he has gained can enable him to create the living thing that can be able to lead life just as human beings. When Victor meets with two professors, Krempe and Waldman, he learns from these two professors. He realizes that the knowledge he has is not sufficient to carry out his experiments. Professor Krempe scolds Victor for what he has studied: ‘Have you,’ he said, ‘really spent your time in studying such nonsense?’ (43). From here, it can be noted that Professor Waldman supports him, â€Å"‘I should advise you to apply to every branch of natural philosophy, including mathematics’† (46). With Professor Waldman’s support, he is able to pursue his desire to understand natural philosophy and continues to study it. He does not give up with his passion of creating a kind of a human being; it thus leads him to the creation of The Monster. In as much as sciences environment it affects Victor’s knowledge, his Monster also is greatly changed based on his surroundings. The Monster created by Victor Frankenstein show readers how he is shaped by the conditions surrounding him. For instance, The Monster learns about the world and nature from what he faces after his birth, â€Å"I saw, felt, heard, and smelt at the same time; and it was, indeed, a long time before I learned to distinguish between the

The Carbonated Soft Drink Industry Essay Example for Free

The Carbonated Soft Drink Industry Essay The first drinkable â€Å"man-made† carbonated water was created by â€Å"British chemist, Dr. Joseph Priestley, in 1767. † â€Å"German-Swiss jeweler, Jacob Schweppe, was the first large-scale commercial producer of carbonated waters, and is often referred to as the father of the soft drink industry. The first known US manufacturer of soda water, as it was then known, was Yale University chemist Benjamin Silliman in 1807, though Joseph Hawkins of Baltimore secured the first US patent for the equipment to produce the drink two years later. † Pharmacies nationwide around the 1820s provided the beverage as â€Å"a remedy for the various ailments, especially digestive. †1 As sugar and flavorings were added customers increasingly consumed them for refreshments, although they were still being sold for their therapeutic value. In the late 1800s, several brands emerged that are still popular to this day. â€Å"Pharmacists experimenting at local soda fountains invented Hires Root Beer in Philadelphia in 1876, Dr. Pepper in Waco, Texas, in 1885, Coca-Cola in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1886, and Pepsi-Cola in New Bern, North Carolina, in 1893, among others. † Analysis of the Soft Drink Industry. â€Å"The carbonated soft drinks market includes standard and diet colas, fruit-flavored carbonates, mixers, energy drinks, and other carbonated soft drinks. † The global carbonated soft drinks â€Å"market grew by 0. 4% and generated total revenues of $146. 4 billion in 2006. Market consumption volumes increased with compound annual growth of 1. 3% to reach a total of 155. 4 billion liters in 2006. The performance of the market is forecast to accelerate slightly, with an anticipated compound annual growth of 0. 7% for the five-year period 2006-2011 expected to drive the market to a value of $151. 4 billion by the end of 2011. †4 â€Å"The global carbonated soft drinks market was close to stagnation during the 2002-2006 period, as poor revenue performance in lucrative but mature markets, such as the US and Japan, were only partially outweighed by dynamic growth in markets such as China. Similar behavior is expected going forward to 2011. †4 Of all the various carbonated drinks offered in the market today, â€Å"the standard cola segment was the largest in 2006, with total sales of 67. 6 billion liters, equivalent to 43. 5% of the market’s overall volume. The fruit flavored carbonates segment contributed to a further 34 billion liters in 2006, equating to 21.9% of the market’s aggregate volume. Brazil Canada, Mexico and the US form the most lucrative market for carbonated soft drinks, generating 58. 5% of the global revenues; Europe accounts for 31% of the global market value. †4 â€Å"Players in this market may opt for an integrated business, in which they sell ready-to-consume drinks to retailers, or they may adopt a business model in which they sell raw materials, syrups, to a network of bottling companies, which may be independent or owned to some extent by the players. †4 A Five-Forces Analysis of the Soft Drinks Industry Revenues are extremely concentrated in this industry. The main players in this industry are the Coca-Cola Co. , PepsiCo Inc. and Cadbury-Schweppes. â€Å"The Coca-Cola Company is the global market leader, with sales equating 47. 1% of the market volume. PepsiCo. Inc. is a significant competitor, with a 22% market share by volume [and Cadbury-Schweppes accounts for 8. 8% of the total market share by volume. ]†4 There is a tough competition between the existing companies in the industry and a moderate degree of rivalry. The inputs for the soft drink industry are primarily sugar and packaging. These can be purchased from many sources on the open market. Aspartame, an important ingredient, â€Å"[is] available from only one or two viable companies upstream. † However, there are substitutes, like saccharine, available in case the price for aspartame goes high. In case sugar becomes too expensive, the firms could easily switch to corn syrup, as they did in the early 1980s. Hence, supplier power is moderate. For more than a decade the soft drink industry has sold their products to their consumers through five principal channels: supermarkets/hypermarkets, mass merchandiser, fountain, vending machines and convenient stores/gas stations. Supermarkets/Hypermarkets are principal customers for the soft drink industry. They do not have much bargaining power due to their tremendous degree of fragmentation. Their only power is control over shelf space that can be allocated to the various products; this power does give them some control over profitability. However, consumers expect to pay less through this channel, as a result of which prices are usually lower, resulting in a somewhat lower profitability. National mass merchandising chains such as Wal Mart have a higher bargaining power. Due to their scale and the magnitude of their contracts they can negotiate more effectively. As a result of which they are not very profitable for the players of the soft drink industry. The least profitable channel for soft drinks is fountain sales. Profitability at these locations are so abysmal that they are considered to be â€Å"paid sampling† by the soft drinks industry. However, these channels are considered to be important as an avenue to build brand recognition and loyalty. â€Å"While fast food chains make 75% gross margin on fountain drinks, the soft drink industry only makes 5% margin. † Vending machines are considered to be the most profitable channel for the soft drink industry. There are no buyers to bargain with at these locations, players of the soft drink industry directly sell their products to consumers through machines owned by bottlers. Prices at vending machines are usually high. The final channel to consider is convenience stores/gas stations. The players of the soft drink industry directly negotiate with the owners of these channels. Profitability for players is relatively high and the â€Å"retailers at these channels vary proportionately. Consumers are likely to be strongly influenced by brand, and this weakens buyer power: retailers need to stock brands popular with consumers, even if these are more expensive. †6 The only buyers with dominant power are fast food outlets. Despite this, they only account for about 20% of the total soft drink sales. Overall, the buyer power is moderate. Through the early 1960s, soft drinks were synonymous with â€Å"colas† in the mind of consumers. Over time, however, other beverages, from bottled water to teas, have become more popular. There are also other substitutes for soft drinks, like alcoholic beverages, fruit juices, energy drinks, vitamin waters and coffee. Leading players like Coca-Cola and PepsiCo have responded by expanding their product offerings through alliances (e. g. Coca-Cola and Nestea), acquisitions (e. g. Coca-Cola and Minute Maid), and internal product innovation (e. g. PepsiCo created Orange Slice), thus capturing the value of increasingly popular substitutes internally. Despite all this, â€Å"in several countries consumer health concerns over the high-sugar content of many soft drinks is causing a decline in sale. † In order to tackle this problem, â€Å"leading manufacturers are developing their product ranges accordingly. † For example, Coca-Cola responded by introducing Coke Zero, which is â€Å"sugar-free. † The demand for the product has grown steadily since it was introduced in 2005. Overall, the threat from substitutes is moderate. It is possible for a new player to enter the soft drink industry as â€Å"an entirely new start-up, or as an existing company diversifying into carbonated soft drinks manufacturing. However, the new player would have to overcome the tremendous marketing muscle and market presence†4 of leading players like Coca-Cola, PepsiCo and few others who have established brand names that are as much as a century old. These players have maintained strong relationships with their retail channels and would be able to defend their positions effectively through discounting or other tactics. Overall, there is a weak likelihood of new entrants. The Coca-Cola Company There are few companies, if any, across the world with more recognizable brand names than Coca Cola. The name in itself is likely worth far more than the total assets held by Coca Cola, Inc. Coca-Cola Company is involved in marketing, manufacturing, and distributing nonalcoholic beverages as well as their syrups and concentrates across the world. They offer a vast array of bottled and canned beverages. The company is mainly involved in carbonated beverages, known as soda as well as a myriad of other names, but also produces noncarbonated beverages such as juice, energy drinks, ready-to-drink coffee and tea, water, and flavored water. Completed beverage products are sold mainly to distributors, while their concentrates and syrups may be sold to bottling and canning operations, and fountain wholesalers and retailers as well as distributors. Coca-Cola Company, which is headquartered in Atlanta, GA, was founded in 1886. They have 90,500 employees world-wide. Coca-Cola’s Business Strategies Ever since its advent, Coca-Cola’s strategies have been winning ones. The history of Coca-Cola reveals how national markets in soft-drink brands developed. â€Å"Asa Candler, [founder of Coca-Cola,] underestimated the importance of the bottling side of the business and in 1899 sold the national rights to bottle Coke for a fairly small sum to Benjamin F. Thomas and Joseph B. Whitehead, who then started a national network of bottlers, creating the basic franchising format by which the industry is still run. †3 One of the main reasons Coca-Cola licensed bottlers to mix the product, package, and distribute it within a specific territory, was to limit the cost of transportation. Today, this model of selling syrups to bottlers who then mix the product, package, and distribute it, is widely used by almost every soft drink industry in the world. In the long run, this complete alignment of Coca Cola and its bottlers has proved to be a winning strategy. Coca-Cola is a brand name that’s known widely throughout the globe. The company has a competitive advantage based on differentiation over other soft drink industries. They are able to set prices at the industry average and gain market share since their customers are willing to choose their products over their competitors. Coca-Cola has been successful at retaining their differentiation position by satisfying their customers’ needs, although this resulted in some higher costs in some of their value chain activities. For example, when Coca-Cola realized that their customers were looking for drinks other than just â€Å"cola† they responded by expanding their product offerings by introducing several different types of carbonated drinks, fruit juices, energy drinks and bottled water, tea and coffee. Some of these were organically started while others were started via acquisitions and alliances. Today, Coca-Cola sells more than 400 brands in 200 countries. The strategy has greatly improved Coke’s competitive position. The other factors that help them retain their differentiation position are: their premium brand image, their products are considered to be of high quality and they are easily accessible. In the 1980s and early 1990s, then CEO Roberto Goizueta built an international expansion strategy around the central brand—Coca-Cola. Today the company is well positioned in key emerging markets such as China, Brazil, Russia, Turkey and Argentina. In 2007, these emerging markets recorded strong double digit growth in volumes. It looks like Coca-Cola will continue to benefit from the underlying growth in the consumption of soft drinks in these markets. Coca-Cola’s strategies have definitely helped them achieve their goals in being the leading beverage company in the world. They were ranked number 1 in the â€Å"Ranking for the Food Beverage Industry categories of Best EthicalQuote Progress and Best Reported Performance in Geneva-based Covalence’s Ethical Ranking 2007. † They also ranked number one in sparkling beverages, juices and juice drinks, and ready-to-drink coffees and teas. Coca-Colas strategies, besides helping them achieve the number 1 rank in the beverage industry has also helped them achieve their financial goals, despite cut-throat rivalry with other beverage companies, as we can see from the table below. Their most competitive competitor is Pepsico, Inc. Pepsico, Inc. ’s beverage division is involved in more or less the same activities as Coca-Cola Company—manufacturing, marketing, and selling beverage concentrates, syrups, and finished products including carbonated beverages, energy drinks, water, and juices. The major difference between Coca-Cola and Pepsico is that Pepsico also has a huge snack division. Despite Pepsi’s strong portfolio, Business-Week and Interbrand, a bran ding consultancy, recognizes Coca-Cola as the leading brands in their top 100 global brands ranking in 2006. They valued Coca-Cola at $67,000 which was well ahead of Pepsi which has a ranking of 22 having a brand value of $12,690 million. Coca-Cola’s strategies have helped the company hold the title as the leading beverage company in the world and also maintain a very strong financial portfolio. According to the 2007 annual report for Coca-Cola, obtained from their website, the company’s earnings per share growth for the year alone was 19%. Other impressive growth rates include their net operating income and revenue growth of 20% and 15%. Source: www. coca-cola. com From the above table we can see that Coca-Cola’s revenues, net income and assets have grown over the years. Their profit margin for 2007 however is lower than that of 2006. A profit margin of 20. 7% means that, Coca-Cola has a net income of $0. 207 for each dollar of sales. This also means that Coca-Cola has increased its net income in 2007 by diminishing profit margins. Although the difference in profit margins for 2006 and 2007 may appear to be small, it affects the company’s financial portfolio significantly. So, why is the leading company in the beverage industry, despite having a stellar performance facing a decrease in their profit margin? To help us answer this we will look closely at the company’s various resources and capabilities with the help of a SWOT Analysis. SWOT Analysis Although Coca-Cola’s â€Å"strong band value facilitates customer recall and allows Coca-Cola to penetrate markets, the company is threatened by intense competition which could have an adverse impact on the company’s market share. †8 SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool that helps in evaluating the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of a company. The SWOT analysis deals with the firm’s internal characteristics: strengths and weaknesses, and the opportunities and threats presented by the external environment. StrengthsWeaknesses Leading brand in the beverage industry Increase in revenueNegative performance in North America Decline in profit margin OpportunitiesThreats Room to grow Aging of baby boomersFierce competition Slow growth of carbonated beverages Strengths. Leading brand in the beverage industry Coca-cola is the world’s leading brand in the beverage industry. There are not many products that have a recognizable brand name as Coca-Cola. â€Å"The company has a leading brand value and a strong brand portfolio. †8 They have been recognized as the leading industry by many national magazines and have been honored with awards in different categories. â€Å"Furthermore, Coca-Cola owns a large portfolio of product brand. The company owns four of the top five soft drink brands in the world: Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Sprite and Fanta. †8 Coca-Cola’s brand name is their key differentiator from that of the company’s competitors; this has helped the company beat their competitors in the market place. Their strong brand image has helped them introduce new products in the market like, Vanilla Coke, Cherry Coke, etc. The company has also been able to â€Å"make large investments in brand promotions. The company’s strong brand value facilitates customer recall and allows Coca-Cola to penetrate new markets and consolidate existing ones. † 8 Increase in revenue In 2007, Coca-Cola recorded total revenues of $28. 86 billion, an increase of 20% from 2006. Three segments (Latin America, Eurasia and Bottling Investments) of the company experienced double digit growths in their revenues from 2006. Both Latin American and Eurasia grew by 24% each during fiscal 2007, over 2006. During the same period, revenues for bottling investments grew by 53%. Together, the three segments of Latin America, Eurasia and bottling investments, accounted for more than 35% of the total revenues during fiscal 2007. â€Å"Revenues growth in [these three sections] contributed to top-line growth for Coca-Cola during 2007. † 8 Weaknesses Negative performance in North America While Coca-Cola had robust revenue growth in some of their business sections they had a negative 1% unit case volume growth in one of their business section—North America. The performance overall in this section was not as expected, they had a 1% increase in their operating income and a moderate 11% increase in their revenues. North America is one of Coca-Cola’s core markets generating 25% of total revenues during fiscal 2007. Hence, â€Å"a strong performance in North America is important for the company. † 8 This slow and negative performance in North America can â€Å"impact the company’s future growth prospects and prevent Coca-Cola from recording a more robust top-line growth. † 8 Decline in profit margin Despite having an overall increase in revenue of 20% for fiscal 2007, from 2006, Coca-Cola’s profit margin for the period was 20. 7%, a decrease of 3. 4% from 2006. We can tell from this that looking at the earnings of a company often doesnt tell the entire story. Increased earnings are good, but an increase does not necessarily mean that the profit margin of a company is improving. We can see in this case, that Coca-Cola had a lower profit margin from 2006 despite having higher revenues and income for 2007. This only means that Coca-Cola had costs that have increased at a greater rate than their sales; thus leading to a lower profit margin. This is an indication that costs need to be under better control. Opportunities Room to grow According to Muhtar Kent, President and Chief Operating Officer of the Coca-Cola Company, â€Å"Consumer spending for nonalcoholic ready-to-drink beverages is growing at 6-plus percent per year—the highest among consumer packaged goods. †7 Coca-Cola’s international market is thriving, led by double digit growth in developed markets like Brazil, Russia, India and China. Latin America was the second most profitable operating group for Coca-Cola in 2007. The company is looking forward â€Å"to the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games; [they] are strategically investing in [their] infrastructure and route to market to connect [their] brands with consumers in the Pacific operating group. [The company’s] balanced portfolio, geographic diversity and changing global demographics position [them] well to continue growing [their] business. †7 Aging of baby boomers The aging of the baby boomers, which includes US citizens born between 1946 and 1964, began crossing the 60-years mark in 2007. â€Å"Most of the 78. 2 million strong baby boomer generations will turn 60 in the next two decades. †9 This is likely to increase the sales of â€Å"health-related goods and services on a US-wide basis. †7 This generation of baby boomers will provide Coca-Cola the opportunity to market its Minute Maid rage of fruit juices and juice drinks, particularly those rich in vitamins.

Alliances and Ententes Were to Blame for the Outbreak of World War One

Alliances and Ententes Were to Blame for the Outbreak of World War One (WWI) In August 1914, World War One broke out. The main cause of the war has never been established and has been among the many debates among historians studying this period. Many historians have conflicting views about what caused war to break out in 1914, and many believe there is not one cause to blame but was the result of many conflicts and disputes between different countries over a long period. There are also other causes for the outbreak of World War One including Political systems and developments, Colonial Conflicts and rivalries, The Moroccan Crises, The Balkan Wars and the July Crisis. In my opinion, Alliances and Ententes was to blame for war to break out in 1914. The main reason for this is that after Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire was shot by a Bosnian Serb nationalist. Therefore, Austria-Hungary issued Serbia an ultimatum, which they had chose to ignore, and as a result Germany, who was their ally persuaded Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia. Russia, who supported Serbia, began to mobilise. This began to escalate and France, Germany and Britain consequently got involved because of their alliances or ententes. The question is without these alliances and ententes, would war have broken out in 1914? Due to the built up tension of Militarism, Nationalism and Imperialism the Great powers were worried of being attacked from rival countries. As a result, alliances and ententes were beginning to form. In 1879 Germany had made a secret alliance with Austria-Hungary, and Italy joined three years later to create... ... 1914. The motive for the assassination was that they feared that once the Archduke came to the throne he would continue to persecute the Serbs within the Austrian Empire. The Austro-Hungarian government blamed Serbia, and issued the Austro-Hungarian government a list of demands to the Serbian government, who inevitably refused these demands and denied having any part in the assassination. Therefore, World War One broke out. It is therefore reasonable to suggest that Alliances and Ententes were to blame for the outbreak of WWI because if countries such as Austria and Serbia did not have any allies there would not have been a World War, just a European War. Also, the countries colonies became involved. However, it must be stressed that there were other causes that eventually resulted in the outbreak of war in 1914.

Laocoon and His Sons

This essay is an attempt to address the marble sculpture commonly known as Laocoon and His Sons, and why exactly I believe it to be a work of high art, of great value and significance to the species. Laocoon and His Sons is a marble sculpture representing a scene that is a part of the tale of the siege and invasion of Troy. Laocoon was the protagonist in a play by Sophocles that is now lost. He was also written about by Virgil.The statue itself is one of the most famous sculptures of Greek and Roman antiquity, its subject is Laocoon, a Trojan high priest, who, along with his two sons, is – according to legend – attacked and killed by two snakes, or sea serpents. The tale is known as myth, but its content may have symbolic roots in actual historical happenstance. No one is quite sure as of yet how much of that myth may or not be so. The scene depicts Laocoon, the chosen priest of Neptune for the city of Troy, and his sons, in their death throws, overcome by an enormous s erpent. Cursed by the gods for either impiety – 3 ccording to Sophocles – or for warning the Trojans of the danger of the Trojan horse – according to Virgil, the serpents were dispatched to do away with Laocoon ‘I tell you there are Greeks hiding in here, shut up in all this wood, or else it is a siege engine designed for use against our walls, to spy on our homes and come down on the city from above, or else there is some other trick we cannot see. Do not trust the horse, Trojans. Whatever it is, I am afraid of Greeks, even when they bear gifts. ’ (Virgil, 2003, p. 26) The scene depicted is the wrath of the gods in action.The turmoil of the scene, the hopeless agony on the faces of the figures, is so charged with emotion that the forms seem truly alive. This is the first time this caliber of realism is reached in Greek art, in all known human sculpture up to this point in history; and many would submit that it has never been surpassed. The action a ddressed in this sculptural scene animates it to the point that one forgets that this is apparently an idealized figure born from myth. The despair and pain in Laocoon’s eyes seem to be a pleading to the very gods that doomed him – in his final moments, asking ‘Why have you forsaken me? Achieving this sort of beyond-human realism through the sculpting of marble is particularly remarkable, as marble is known as a notoriously difficult medium to deal with, especially considering the simple tools the artists would have at hand to form this creation. But, the medium, once utilized correctly by skilled hands, is like no other, and has a powerful tone to it. Marble is slightly radioactive, and with statues like Laocoon and His Sons, that radiation can truly be felt. This piece is indeed a testament to Greek craftsmanship, and to the classical Greek culture that is ensouled in this piece.In Pliny the Elder’s Natural History, Pliny describes the sculpture and rete lls of his experience of seeing it in Rome some time during the first century CE. However, Pliny doesn’t give an exact date for the creation of the statue – which is unknown. He mentions it was in the palace of the Emperor Titus, and 4 describes it as Laocoon and his children being strangled. From his point of view it was a far superior piece of art to anything else made; paint, bronze or stone. It may have been originally bronze and the marble version a copy, but this is unclear.Pliny states that it was carved from a single block of marble; by Agesander, Polydorus, and Athenodorus of Rhodes. But, it is pretty clear that the sculpture is not made from one single piece of marble. Does this sully Pliny’s account? Was there another version which he was referring to? History is hearsay. We can’t be sure. One of the pieces defining characteristics, what makes it such a marvel, is how the physique is anatomically perfect. This speaks of a highly developed cultu re, with an intricate understanding of anatomy and physiology. But, also of a culture that privileges physical strength and beauty.The Greeks of the time were either artists or warriors, or often both, so strength and beauty were central in their world. Laocoon and His Sons is a much more naturalistic piece than earlier Greek works; in which the figures were often idolized; lacking luster, life, emotion, humanity. Cleobis and Biton, a set of sculptures from the Archaic Period, exemplify this quite well; posing, rigid, golem like figures; lacking the humanity they are supposed to represent. The Hellenistic baroque style of Laocoon and His Sons gives us a much more true-to-life representation in comparison to earlier works.This work has inspired artists and regular humans alike down through the centuries, one of whom it is particularly well known to have influenced greatly was Michelangelo; as can be seen in some of his pieces; e. g: The rebellious Slave. I summation, I think this pie ce is truly of note to art historians. Above, I have highlighted some reasons I think this is the case. Bibliography: Virgil, (reprint) 2003. The Aeneid. London: Penguin Classics. Pollitt, J. J. 2006. Art in the Hellenistic Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5 Pliny, Natural History XXXVI. iv. 37

Cereal Partners Worldwide (CPW) Essay

This was achieved by combing all the organization strength into one. General Mills brought massive manufacturing capabilities, excellence in products and production process, and diversified portfolio of products. Nestle brought feeding the world, selling in all countries and deep understanding of international marketing and distribution. With the upstream value chain, CPW will need to centralize procurement on raw materials for all its manufacturing operations. By using this strategy will receive CPW more of the bargaining power when dealing with suppliers. This will result in lower costs and better opportunities for future suppliers. With the downstream of the value chain regarding marketing/sales & distribution and having these parts of the organization decentralized, this will give CPW  competitive advantage over competitors. This will give CPW the ability to market variety of different product to certain individual consumers. When one compares both advantages over CPW and Kellogg with the value chain, it can see which has the better-perceived customer value. Kellogg had the better value added chain; this was shown by comparing advantages over CPW. By looking at the advantages compared with both companies, this can explain why Kellogg is more of a market lead in international business strategy. The two best blue ocean strategy would be having a stand-alone store and partnering up with a fitness centre to form a private label. With having a stand-alone or a private label, this will give CPW to connect with their health-conscious consumer. Another benefit of doing a private label is a decrease in cost relative brand marketing. This gives CPW to focus on the quality of the product to increase brand loyalty and confidence. To increase sales volumes, CPW needs to improve on penetrating into their market using a glocalization strategy. There are five areas that CPW can work on marketing and brand strategy, strengthening core brands, Innovation and new product launch, new global brands, and merger and acquisition. This will give CPW more of a presence in their market and be able to act like an international and local provider to their consumer base. How can General Mills and Nestlà © create international competitiveness by joining forces with CPW?General Mills and Nestle need to leverage the value chain in their joint venture to gain market share. This can be done by centralizing upstream activities and decentralizing downstream activities. Adjusting how these activities are undertaken in the portfolio of international markets will enable the joint partnership to better leverage their core competencies. The CPW Value ChainThe CPW value chain consists of upstream and downstream activities. The CPW partnership divided the upstream and downstream activities to better leverage General mills and Nestle core competencies. With General Mills strengths concentrated in the upstream with their Massive manufacturing capabilities, Excellence in products and production process, and  Diversified portfolio of products. This combination of core competencies makes them ideal to handle the upstream  processes. Nestle is the world’s largest food manufacturer and specialize in making sure the world gets fed.CITATION Har08 l 1033 (Hollensen, 2008) Their core competencies are focused on the downstream and consist of Feeding the world Selling in all countries Deep understanding of international marketing and distribution An understanding of the CPW joint venture value chain can help create international competiveness. Centralization of the Upstream Activities. Upstream actives for the current joint venture are a combination of primary and support activities. Competitive advantage in upstream and support activates often grow more out of the entire system of countries in which a firm competes than from its position in any single country CITATION Har08 l 1033 (Hollensen, 2008). The CPW partnership can start by centralizing procurement of raw materials for all of its manufacturing operations. Doing this will enable them to achieve greater bargain power over suppliers and thus lower their costs. Maybe insert something about production planning and combine it with the creation and tweaking of current products for individual markets. De-centralizing downstream ActivitiesNestle specializes in feeding the world. They are unbelievable at delivering quality products to multiple international markets. The CPW partnership needs to decentralize this part of the operation. Downstream activities create competitive advantages that are largely out of local activities and create entry/mobility barriers in that country alone. CITATION Har08 l 1033 (Hollensen, 2008) Decentralizing the marketing/sales and distribution of the products will enable the team to target individual tasks in the downstream value chain to gain competitive advantage over the competition. For instance, a product might not be right for a certain market and a de-centralized marketing department would be better equipped to pick up on that and make changes better suited to the local consumer. The CPW partnership was created to leverage the core competencies of the two companies. Carol can use this to her advantage by centralizing the upstream activities and decentralizing the downstream activities. CITATION Har08 l 1033 (Hollensen, 2008) Doing this will enable multiple competitive  advantages to be created in the overall value chain. Evaluate the international competitiveness of CPW compared to the Kellogg Company.Kellogg Background InformationKellogg organization has been able to be the number one manufacturer spot. They have achieved this by adopting an international strategy at beginning of their start up. This led to Kellogg organization, the pathway to developing a strong brand globally and concentrate on their core competence of their business. Also, Kellogg was able to market their products effectively with all region they desired to sell to. Having this effectively marketing plan, Kellogg was able to have a strong presence in all regions. CITATION Har08 l 1033 (Hollensen, 2008)Value ChainTo compare international competitiveness the value chain is the best way to evaluate the advantages, and each organization has over the other. Kellogg AdvantagesDeveloped their international strategy at an early stage of the business. This has helped Kellogg develop connects in the international business field which helps with relative costs. Perceived Value could be higher than CPW with more presence in the international market. Comparing sales volumes and market share are higher this has led to advantage with Economic of scale. Having production flexibility, better coordination of the whole value chain. Faster implementation of new ideas on products to the market place CPW AdvantagesMore of a market leader in countries other than North America. Well known partner Nestle on collaborating with products to various regions and countries. Has a strong and leading brand with General Mills. By looking at the advantages compared with both companies, this can explain why Kellogg is more of a market lead in international business strategy. Suggest how CPW can create a blue-ocean strategy.In a fast evolving modern society, consumers begin to step away from traditional breakfast meals. The reasons are the lack of time available in the morning, or the increased popularity of fad diets, and trends. In order to keep up with a saturated market of breakfast options, CPW needs to consider the following blue-ocean strategies. First Strategy: Stand-alone storeThe first strategy is to open stand-alone breakfast cereal stores. The stores would offer a variety of breakfast cereals produced by Nestle and General Mills Inc. for the healthy  conscious consumers on the go. A number of options would be offered with the purchase of cereal, such as a variety of dairy and non-dairy products, sugar and sugar substitutes, including cane sugar, brown sugar and liquid sugar. Other add-ons to cer eal will include fresh fruit, dried fruit, nuts, and seeds to appeal to the growing health-conscious consumer demographic. CPW will offer a variety of breakfast bars for consumers who still want the quality of breakfast cereal. This will attract consumers do not possess the time to sit down and to have the traditional morning breakfast, another option exists. In order to entice brand new and returning consumers, a loyalty program will be introduced, such as stamp cards, in order to receive discounts and free products. Second Strategy: Partnership with fitness centresThe second strategy is to join a partnership with fitness centres such as Steve Nash and Club 16, and offer its members the variety of CPW cereals or breakfast bars. Many of the fitness centres are open 24/7 or open early, so a number of consumers who use their services choose to forfeit their breakfast for attending a fitness centre. This is an ideal target market for CPW, because the company is trying to appeal to a health-conscious consumer with the healthier cereals, and breakfast bars, which are becoming increasingly popular. Where and how can CPW create further international sales growth?General Mills and Nestle have been able to use their international strengths of their organizations to become number two in most of their industry. This has been able to be successful by using the CPW’s 50% stakeholder positon that General Mills owns. CITATION Har08 l 1033 (Hollensen, 2008) For CPW to continue to grow in the international cereal market, there are a few countries that are not being completely penetrated into the cereal market. This can be seen by the chart below comparing the per capita consumption per year (kg) with the following listed regions CITATION Har08 l 1033 (Hollensen, 2008) CITATION Har08 l 1033 (Hollensen, 2008)For CPW to have further international sales growth, the bottom four regions have a better penetration strategy. This can be done through marketing and brand strategy, strengthening core brands, Innovation and new product launch, new global brands, and merger and acquisition. Marketing and Brand StrategyIn the past, the level of sugar levels in cereals have had a negative impact with the consumers that purchase cereal worldwide. CITATION Har08 l 1033 (Hollensen, 2008) To reverse this impact and to attract more consumers CPW should be using a health marketing and brand strategy. CPW needs to be able to show and tell that CPW has changed their cereals to fit the everyday health-conscious consumer. Strengthening Core BrandingWith exists, brands in regions CPW needs to establish a better brands awareness to their consumers. This can be achieved by continuing using marketing campaigns. The way that these campaigns will affect the sales growth will be better connecting to CPW consumers. CPW needs to a better understanding of what their consumers want out of breakfast cereal. This can be done through celebrity endorsements with some of their cereal brands. New Global BrandsCPW will be able to increase their sales by using a golocalization strategy for all regions. The way CPW succeed in this is my looking at each of these regions and seeing the local customer needs, culture, and local markets. Doing this CPW will have a better understanding of why South-West Europe, South- East Asia, Russia, and China are considerably lower Per Capita Consumption Per Year (kg) compared to the other regions. Innovation and New Product Launch CPW needs to continue using the value-added chain, so CPW continually develops new innovated products that reach a variety of consumers. This will keep CPW ahead of their competition and to keep existing and add new potential consumer. By keeping their existing and new potential consumers, CPW will be able to increase their sales. For example; city dwellers are more on the go and need some that they can just pick up and go. A perfect product for this would be a cereal bar for the on the go worker. Merger and  AcquisitionThe growth of cost for branded products has led to private label products which have seen up to a 30% increase. CITATION Har08 l 1033 (Hollensen, 2008) This is a huge opportunity that CPW can do for their international marketing by concentrating on the brand identity. This will increase brand loyalty and confidence that CPW lacks with a few of their regions. CPW has seen success in using this strategy with their Australia. CPW achieved this by partnering up with Unc le Toby’s if CPW does this with South-West Europe, South- East Asia, Russia, and China it will have a huge increase in sales. ConclusionCereal Partners Worldwide (CPW) combined forces with General Mills and Nestle in order to create more international competitiveness. With the upstream value chain, CPW will need to centralize procurement on raw materials for all its manufacturing operations. This way CPW will have improve their upstream value chain. The downstream of the value chain needs to be decentralized regarding marketing/sales & distribution. This will give CPW more of a competitor advantages when selling products to variety of consumers. When one compares both advantages over CPW and Kellogg with the value chain, it can see which has the better-perceived customer value. Kellogg had the better value added chain; this was shown by comparing advantages over CPW. By looking at the advantages compared with both companies, this can explain why Kellogg is more of a market lead in international business strategy. The two best blue ocean strategy would be having a stand-alone store and partnering up with a fitness centre to form a private label. With having a stand-alone or a private label, this will give CPW to connect with their health-conscious consumer. Another benefit of doing a private label is a decrease in cost relative brand marketing. This gives CPW to focus on the quality of the product to increase brand loyalty and confidence. To increase sales volumes, CPW needs to improve on penetrating into their market using a glocalization strategy. There are five areas that CPW can work on marketing and brand strategy, strengthening core brands, Innovation and new product launch, new global brands, and merger and acquisition. This will give CPW more of a presence in their market and be able to act like an international and local provider to their consumer base. Bibliography BIBLIOGRAPHY Hollensen, S. &. (2008). Essentials of Global Marketing. Harlow, Essex, England: Pearson Education.

October Calendar of Famous Inventions and Birthdays

October Calendar of Famous Inventions and Birthdays October marks the first full month of fall and the coming of the Halloween and holiday season, but its the month when many  famous inventors  and scientists were born and a number of great inventions and brands were patented, trademarked, or copyrighted. Whether youre curious about who shares the same October birthday as you or just want to know what happened on this day in history, check out some of the great things that happened in October. Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights Find out what famous events happened on the October calendar concerning the history of patents, trademarks, or copyrights- from the first episode of the Twilight Zone on October 1, 1959, to the patent for the ballpoint pen in 1888. October 1 1959 - The first episode of Rod Sterlings Twilight Zone was copyright registered. October 2 1963 -  Martin Luther Kings famous I Have A Dream speech was copyright registered. October 3 1950 - The transistor was patented by Shockley, Bardeen, and Brattain. October 4 1949 - The patent for an antibiotic for typhoid was granted to Crooks, Rebstock, Controalis, and Bartz. October 5 1961 - Breakfast at Tiffanys, the movie based on Truman Capotes book, was copyright registered. October 6 1941 - Electric photography, now referred to as xerography or photocopying, was patented by Chester Carlson. October 7 1975 -  Patent  Number 3,909,854 was granted to Ysidro M. Martinez for a knee implant prosthesis. October 8 1901 - Domino Sugar was trademark registered. October 9 1855 - Isaac Singer patented his sewing machine. The first functional sewing machine  was invented by Barthelemy Thimonnier in 1830, and he was almost killed by enraged French tailors because they felt threatened by his invention. October 10 1911 -  Henry Ford received a patent for an automobile transmission mechanism. October 11 1841 - A patent for a collapsible tube for use with such items as toothpaste was granted to John Rand. October 12 1972 - Stevie Wonder copyright registered the words and music for You Are the Sunshine of My Life- Wonder registered his first work at age 14 in 1964. October 13 1893 - The melody for Happy Birthday To You was copyright registered. Happy Birthday was originally published as Good Morning To All in a book called Song Stories for the Kindergarten written by Mildred and Patty Hill. October 14 1835 -  Henry Blair received a patent in for an improved corn planter. October 15 1991 - Pizza Hut was trademark registered. October 16 1900 -  Frank Sprague was granted a patent for a multi-control for electric trains. October 17 1961 - Hot Rocks Candy was trademark registered. October 18 1931 - The famous inventor  Thomas Alva Edison died in West Orange, NJ, at age 84. October 19 1953 - Ray Bradburys novel, Fahrenheit 451 was copyright registered. Fahrenheit 451 was based on Bradburys earlier short story called The Fireman and later made into a movie. October 20 1904 - The song Yankee Doodle Boy was copyright registered. October 21 1958 - Tater Tots were trademark registered. October 22 1940 - Julian, Mayer, and Krause received a patent for cortisone, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, bursitis, adrenal insufficiency, allergies, diseases of connective tissue, and gout. October 23 1877 - A patent for a gas-motor engine was issued to Nicolaus Otto  and Francis and William Crossley. October 24 1836 - Alonzo Phillips patented a friction match.1861 - The first transcontinental telegraph system was completed, making it possible to transmit messages rapidly (by mid-19th-century standards) from coast to coast. October 25 1960 - The musical play Camelot by Loewe and Lerner was copyright registered. October 26 1928 - The novel Peter Pan by James Barrie was copyright registered. October 27 1992 -  Nintendo of America copyright registered the configuration of its hand-held game machine. October 28 1879 - William Lincoln was issued a patent for a lamp. October 29 1955 - Warner Brothers copyright registered the movie A Rebel without a Cause starring James Dean. October 30 1888 - A patent for a ballpoint pen was received by John Loud. October 31 1961 - Patent Number 3,003,667 was granted to Edward Aguado of St. Louis, MO, for an airway for artificial respiration.2,000 B.C. -   The pagans were known to celebrate the last night of their year on All Hallows Eve, which later became known as  Halloween  and was adopted as a trick or treat holiday. October Birthdays: Inventors, Scientists, and Artists Many notable historical figures in the fields of science, arts, and inventions were born in the 10th month of the Gregorian calendar, so read on to find out who shares your October birthday. October 1 1870 - Pieter van Essen was a Dutch artillery officer and the inventor of grape-shot shells.1904 - Otto Frisch was a noted Austrian physicist who worked on the  Manhattan Project  as  part of the team that built the atomic bomb.1916 - Hungarian Tibor Reich was a textile designer who designed a textile for Princess Elizabeths wedding  and was also awarded a Design Centre Award for his photographically based Flamingo printed textile in 1957 during the Awards inaugural year.1931 - Reginald Hall was a noted endocrinologist who  established internationally acclaimed  endocrine units in Newcastle and Cardiff, with special expertise in diseases of the thyroid and pituitary glands. October 2 1832 - Edward Burnett Tylor was an English anthropologist credited with sparking interest in anthropological science in England as a result of his research on primitive people’s mentality,  in particular, animism.1832 -  Julius von Sachs was a  German botanist who  researched nutrition, tropism, and transpiration of water in plant physiology.1852 - William Ramsay was a British chemist who discovered  neon gas.1891 - Henry Van Arsdale Porter invented the fan-shaped backboard used in basketball.1907 -  Alexander Robertus was a  British biochemist who  researched the structure and synthesis of nucleotides, nucleosides, and nucleotide coenzymes, and won the 1957 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.1907 - Lord Todd was a Scottish biochemist whose investigations of the building blocks of heredity earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1957.1914 - Jack Parsons was an American rocket scientist. October 3 1803 - John Gorrie invented a cold-air process of  refrigeration.1844 - Patrick Manson is  considered the father of tropical medicine.1854 - William Crawford Gorgas served as the American Surgeon-General and helped cure yellow fever.1904 - Charles Pedersen was a noted British biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1987. October 4 1832 - William Griggs invented photo-chromo lithography. October 5 1713 - Denis Diderot was a French encyclopedist who wrote the Dictionnaire Encyclopedique.1864 -  Louis Lumiere  made the first motion picture in 1895,  invented camera equipment for making movies, and created a projector for viewing movies.1882 - Giorgio Abetti was a noted Italian astronomer who researched and wrote about solar physics. October 6 1824 - Henry Chadwick was a baseball pioneer  who developed the first rule book for baseball.1846 -  George Westinghouse  was the inventor and businessman responsible for a commercial alternating current system.1866 -  Reginald Fessenden  was an inventor who broadcast the first program of voice and music.1918 - Abraham Robinson was a noted German mathematician most widely known for the development of non-standard analysis.1940 - John Warnock is a noted American computer scientist best known as the co-founder with Charles Geschke of Adobe Systems Inc. October 7 1903 - Louis S.  B. Leakey was a famous archaeologist and anthropologist who convinced other scientists that Africa was the most significant area to search for evidence of human origins.1927 - R. D. Laing was a famous Scottish psychologist who wrote extensively on mental illness and the experience of psychosis. October 8 1869 -  Frank Duryea  was an inventor who made the first auto built and operated in the U.S.1917 -  Rodney Robert Porter was an  English biochemist who  shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology for determining the exact chemical structure of an antibody. October 9 1873 -  Karl Schwarzschild was a  German physicist and astronomer who  is best known for providing the first exact solution to the Einstein field equations of general relativity known as the Schwarzschild solution. October 10 1757 - Erik Acharius was a Swedish botanist called The father of lichenology. October 11 1758 - Wilhelm Olbers discovered the asteroids Pallas and Vesta.1821 -  George Williams was the Englishman who founded the YMCA.1844 - Henry John Heinz founded the prepared-foods company Heinz 57 Varieties.1884 - Friedrich C. R. Bergius was a  German chemist who  derived benzine from brown coal and won the Nobel Prize. October 12 1860 - Elmer Sperry was the inventor of the gyrocompass.1875 -  Aleister Crowley  was a  British occultist who  founded the religion of Thelema.1923 - Jean Nidetch was the  American nutritionist who  invented Weight Watchers. October 13 1769 - Horace H.  Hayden was considered the architect of the American system of  dental  education and the organizer of professional dentistry, who also co-founded the first dental college.1821 -  Rudolf Virchow was a German scientist who is referred to as the Father of Pathology and the founder of the field of Social Medicine.1863 -  Auguste Rateau was a  French mining engineer who  invented the Rateau steam turbine. October 14 1857 -  Elwood Haynes was an auto pioneer who  built one of the earliest American automobiles.1900 - W. Edwards Deming was a noted American scientist.1939 -  Ralph Lauren was the fashion designer who reinvented chaps.1954 - Mordechai Vanunu was a noted Israeli scientist. October 15 1924 - Lee A.  Iacocca is a CEO of Chrysler Corp1937 -  Anthony Hopkins  was a clinical neurologist who served as the  Director of the Research Unit at the Royal College of Physicians since 1988 (until his death in 1997). October 16 1708 - Albrecht von Haller was a  Swiss scientist who focused on  experimental physiology at the Academy of Science.1925 -  Lorraine Sweeney  was a  communications specialist1930 -  John Polkinghorne  was a British Physicist who was a prominent voice in explaining the relationship between religion and science.1979 - Matt Nagle was  born in Massachusetts as a quadriplegic and became the first to use a brain-computer interface to control movement. October 17 1563 - Jodocus Hondius was a Flemish mathematician and cartographer.1806 - Alphonse L.P.P. de Candolle was a Swiss botanist who wrote Gà ©ographie botanique raisonnà ©e to compile large amounts of data from the scientific expeditions taking place at the time.1947 - Charles A. Ingene was a macro-marketing researcher who wrote Mathematical Models of Distribution Channels. October 18 1854 - Solomon A. Andree was a Swedish engineer, balloonist, and Arctic explorer.1859 - Henri Bergson was a French philosopher who studied creative evolution and won the Nobel Prize in 1927.1947 - Luc Journet was a Belgian physician who wrote the Order of Zonnetempel. October 19 1859 - Georg Knorr was a German engineer who created brake system trains.1895 - Lewis Mumford was an American Sociologist who studied urban cities and architecture.1910 - Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar was an Indian-American astrophysicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1983 for his work on the structural evolution of stars. October 20 1812 - Austin Flint was a 19th-century heart research pioneer.1859 - John Dewey was a philosopher, educational theorist, and writer who emphasized learn by doing in education.1891 - James Chadwick was the English physicist who discovered the neutron.1924 - Kenneth William Gatland was an aerospace scientist who became an expert on spaceflight. October 21 1833 -  Alfred Nobel  was the Swedish scientist who invented the detonator for dynamite and nitroglycerin, after whom the Nobel Prize was named.1839 - Georg von Siemens founded the Deutsche Bank. October 22 1896 - Charles Glenn King was the biochemist who discovered vitamin C1903 - George Beadle was the American biologist who won the Nobel Prize in 1958 for discovering the role of genes in regulating biochemical events within cells.1905 - Karl Jansky was a Czechoslovakian who was the first person to discover cosmic radio emissions in 1932. October 23 1942 - Anita Roddick is the  English cosmetic manufacturer who founded the Body Shop. October 24 1632 -  Antony van Leeuwenhoek  was considered the father of microscopy because of the advances he made in microscope design and use.1953 - Steven Hatfill was an American scientist and a former researcher of biodefense for the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases who was accused (wrongfully) of starting the 2004 anthrax attacks.1908 - John Alwyne Kitching was a British zoologist and famed lecturer on biology at a number of Ivy League schools. October 25 1790 - Robert Stirling was the Scottish inventor responsible for creating the Sterling engine.1811 - Evariste Galois was a French mathematician  who wrote The Theory of G.1877 - Henry Norris Russell was an astronomy who discovered the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.1929 - Roger John Tayler was a British astrophysicist who wrote a number of textbooks about  stellar structure and evolution, plasma stability,  nucleogenesis, and cosmology.1945 - David Norman Schramm was an  American astrophysicist who was once the leading expert on the Big Bang theory. October 26 1855 - Charles Post invented the breakfast cereal Post Cereals.1917 - Felix the Cat was a famous cartoon cat who first made his debut  on this date. October 27 1811 - Issac Singer created the home sewing machine company Singer, used by everyone from professional designers to stay-at-home moms.1872 - Emily Post was an authority on etiquette.1917 - Oliver Tambo was the co-founder of the African National Congress. October 28 1793 - Eliphalet Remington was the  American gunmaker who invented the Remington rifle.1855 - Ivan V. Mitshurin was a Russian botanist who identified many new types of fruit.1893 - Christopher K. Ingold was an  English chemist who developed the idea of  reaction mechanisms and the electronic structure of organic compounds.1914 - Jonas Salk was the  American medical researcher who invented the polio vaccine.1914 - Richard Lawrence Millington Synge was a British biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1952.1967 - John Romero is an  American computer scientist who pioneered First Person Shooters (FPSs) like Doom and Quake in the 1980s. October 29 1656 - Edmond Halley was an English scientist who computer the orbit for Halleys Comet, which is where it got its name. October 30 1880 - Abram F. Ioffe was a Russian physicist who  established research laboratories for radioactivity, superconductivity, and nuclear physics.1928 - Daniel Nathans was an  American scientist who won the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of restriction enzymes. October 31 1755 - Jean Louis van Aelbroeck was a  Flemish agronomist whose work  led to dispensing with an extended fallow period between crops.1815 - Karl Weierstrass was a Germany mathematician who wrote the theory of functions.1835 - J. F. W. Adolf Ritter von Baeyer was a German chemist who won the  Nobel Prize  in 1905.1847 - Galileo Ferraris was an Italian physicist who invented AC power and the induction motor.1898 - Alfred Sauvy was a  French statistician who wrote Affluence and Population.1935 - Ronald Graham is an American mathematician who pioneered the field of discrete mathematics.